apartheid

apartheid

See also: Apartheid

English

"For use by white persons": a sign in English and Afrikaans from the apartheid period.

Etymology

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, strictly) IPA^(key): /əˈpɑːtheɪt/, /əˈpɑːthaɪt/
• (US, strictly) enPR: ə-pärtʹhīt, IPA^(key): /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• (US, alternatively) enPR: ə-pärtʹhāt, IPA^(key): /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Note: the h is very often not pronounced because of the difficulty of following /t/ with /h/, but the sequence is not pronounced as the digraph th (/ð/, /θ/).
• (US, laxly) enPR: ə-pärʹtīd, IPA^(key): /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/

Noun

apartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)

1. (South Africa, historical) The policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.

   Synonym: plural relations

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 127-128:

     The premise of apartheid was that whites were superior to Africans, Coloureds and Indians, and the function of it was to entrench white supremacy forever.

2. (by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation/segregation and discrimination.
   • 1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267):

     When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .

3. (by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.
   • 2008, Peter Hewitt, Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency, →ISBN, page 64:

     Fifteen minutes drive to the Brown Trout was guaranteed to satisfy my appetite because there, as with other clubs and hotel bars, a form of sex apartheid was practised. The males assembled in the region of the bar and the opposite gender either sat discreetly detached or strayed outside to gossip gaily among themselves.

   • 2009, Moorthy Muthuswamy, Defeating Political Islam: The New Cold War, →ISBN, page 120:

     In these annual reports, the religious apartheid practices in India are not mentioned at all.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:apartheid.

Verb

apartheid (third-person singular simple present apartheids, present participle apartheiding, simple past and past participle apartheided)

1. To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.
   • 1986, Stanlake John Thompson Samkange, On Trial for that U.D.I.: A Novel, page 79:

     Yes, apartheiding the apartheiders, is what the rest of the world is doing.

   • 1989, Instauration - Volumes 15-16, page 36:

     Whatever the reason the blacks have for "apartheiding" Boston, whites should be all for it.

   • 2003, Mayur K. Lakhani, A Celebration of General Practice, →ISBN, page 183:

     The most deadly of all ghosts are wandering over Britain and medicine, apartheiding people into superiors and nonentities.

   • 2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, →ISBN, page 151:

     Speaking of the resulting apartheiding of British Columbia, Cole Harris observed, "racism was built into the landscape of settlement."

   • 2011, Timothy J. Stanley, Contesting White Supremacy, →ISBN, page 64:

     By 1922, the apartheiding of British Columbia was cemented into a public and private English-language discourse that took for granted how and where one racialized body was placed in relation to another, and in turn how each related to the state system.

Antonyms

• antiapartheid

Derived terms

• anti-apartheidism
• anti-apartheidist
• apartheid anthem
• apartheid flag
• apartheidism
• apartheidist
• apartheidlike
• eco-apartheid
• grand apartheid
• petty apartheid
• postapartheid

 

Translations

policy of racial separation in South Africa

Arabic: أَپَارْتْهِيد‎ m (ʔapārthīd), فَصْل عُنْصُرِيّ‎ m (faṣl ʕunṣuriyy) Armenian: ապարտհեյդ (apartheyd), ապարտեիդ (hy) (aparteid) Brahui: apártíđ Bulgarian: апартейд m (apartejd) Burmese: အသားအရောင်ခွဲခြားမှု (a.sa:a.raunghkwai:hkra:hmu.) Catalan: apartheid m Chinese: Mandarin: 種族隔離／种族隔离 (zh) (zhǒngzú gélí) Czech: apartheid (cs) m Danish: apartheid c Esperanto: apartismo Finnish: rotuerottelu (fi), apartheid (fi) French: apartheid (fr) m Galician: apartheid m Georgian: აპარტეიდი (aṗarṭeidi) German: Apartheid (de) f Greek: απαρτχάιντ (el) n (apartcháint) Hebrew: אַפַּרְטְהַיְד \\ אפרטהייד‎ (he) m Hungarian: apartheid (hu) Italian: apartheid (it) m Japanese: アパルトヘイド (aparutoheido), アパルトヘイト (aparutoheito) Khmer: នយោបាយប្រកាន់វណ្ណៈ (nɔyoobaay prɑkan voanna’) Korean: 아파르트헤이트 (apareuteuheiteu) Norwegian: Bokmål: apartheid m Nynorsk: apartheid m Polish: apartheid (pl) m Portuguese: apartheid (pt) m Russian: апартеи́д (ru) m (apartɛíd) Sardinian: apartheid m Sicilian: apartheid m Somali: midab takoor Spanish: apartheid (es) m Swedish: apartheid (sv) Turkish: apartheid (tr) Ukrainian: апартеї́д m (apartejíd) Venetian: apartheid m

any policy of racial separation — See also translations at segregation

Arabic: فَصْل عُنْصُرِيّ‎ m (faṣl ʕunṣuriyy) Brahui: apártíđ Chinese: Mandarin: 種族隔離／种族隔离 (zh) (zhǒngzú gélí) Georgian: აპარტეიდი (aṗarṭeidi), სეგრეგაცია (segregacia) German: Apartheid (de) f Greek: απαρτχάιντ (el) n (apartcháint) Italian: apartheid (it) m Portuguese: apartheid (pt) m Russian: апартеи́д (ru) m (apartɛíd) Spanish: apartheid (es) m

a policy or situation of separation based on some specified attribute — See also translations at segregation

German: Apartheid (de) f Greek: απαρτχάιντ (el) n (apartcháint)

Anagrams

• hit parade

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch apartheid.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ɐˈpartɦɛit]

Noun

apartheid (uncountable)

1. apartheid

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌaːˈpɑrt.ɦɛi̯t/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: apart‧heid

Etymology 1

From apart (“separate, apart”) +‎ -heid (“-hood”).

Noun

apartheid f (plural apartheden, diminutive apartheidje n)

1. the state of being separate; separateness
2. a characteristic that sets something or someone apart

Descendants

• Afrikaans: apartheid

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.

Noun

apartheid f (uncountable)

1. the policy of racial separation used in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; apartheid
2. (by extension) any similar policy of racial separation
   • 2007 December 13, "Prins Claus en de NCO", Andere Tijden, VPRO.

     In januari 1972 komt een subsidieaanvraag binnen van het Angola Comité voor een boycotactie van koffie afkomstig uit Angola. Het land is in die tijd een provincie van Portugal, dat hardnekkig weigert de voormalige kolonie op te geven. De actie is tegen kolonialisme, rassendiscriminatie en apartheid.

Derived terms

• apartheidsbeleid
• apartheidspolitiek

Anagrams

• hitparade

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Finnish

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑpɑrthɑi̯d/, [ˈɑpɑrt̪hɑi̯d]

Noun

apartheid

1. apartheid

Declension

Inflection of apartheid (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		apartheid	apartheidit
genitive		apartheidin	apartheidien
partitive		apartheidia	apartheideja
illative		apartheidiin	apartheideihin
		singular	plural
nominative		apartheid	apartheidit
accusative	nom.	apartheid	apartheidit
	gen.	apartheidin
genitive		apartheidin	apartheidien
partitive		apartheidia	apartheideja
inessive		apartheidissa	apartheideissa
elative		apartheidista	apartheideista
illative		apartheidiin	apartheideihin
adessive		apartheidilla	apartheideilla
ablative		apartheidilta	apartheideilta
allative		apartheidille	apartheideille
essive		apartheidina	apartheideina
translative		apartheidiksi	apartheideiksi
instructive		—	apartheidein
abessive		apartheiditta	apartheideitta
comitative		—	apartheideineen

Possessive forms of apartheid (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	apartheidini	apartheidimme
2nd person	apartheidisi	apartheidinne
3rd person	apartheidinsa

Derived terms

• apartheidpolitiikka

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French

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.paʁ.tɛjd/

• Audio (France, Paris)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: a‧par‧theid

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheid)

1. (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

Synonyms

• ségrégation
• ségrégationnisme
• séparation

Anagrams

• hit-parade

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Indonesian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aparˈteɪt̚]
• Hyphenation: apar‧théid

Noun

aparthéid (first-person possessive apartheidku, second-person possessive apartheidmu, third-person possessive apartheidnya)

1. (historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.

Further reading

• “apartheid” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.parˈtajd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtɛjd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtejd/[1]
• Rhymes: -ajd, (careful style) -ɛjd, (careful style) -ejd

Noun

apartheid m (invariable)

1. (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

References

1. apartheid in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Further reading

• apartheid in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid.

Noun

apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)

1. apartheid

References

• “apartheid” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “apartheid” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid.

Noun

apartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)

1. apartheid

References

• “apartheid” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈpart.xajt/, /aˈpart.xɛjt/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -artxajt, -artxɛjt
• Syllabification: a‧part‧heid

Noun

apartheid m inan

1. apartheid

Declension

Declension of apartheid

	singular
nominative	apartheid
genitive	apartheidu
dative	apartheidowi
accusative	apartheid
instrumental	apartheidem
locative	apartheidzie
vocative	apartheidzie

Further reading

• apartheid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• apartheid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtajd͡ʒ/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯d͡ʒ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtajd͡ʒ/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯d͡ʒ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.paɾˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɾˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paɾˈtajd͡ʒ/ [a.paɾˈtaɪ̯d͡ʒ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paχˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtajd͡ʒ/ [a.paχˈtaɪ̯d͡ʒ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.paɻˈtajd͡ʒ/ [a.paɻˈtaɪ̯d͡ʒ], /a.paɻˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɻˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.paɾˈtajd/ [ɐ.paɾˈtajð]

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheids)

1. (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

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Romanian

Etymology

From Afrikaans apartheid.

Noun

apartheid n (uncountable)

1. apartheid

Declension

declension of apartheid (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) apartheid	apartheidul
genitive/dative	(unui) apartheid	apartheidului
vocative	apartheidule

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Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈapartɦeit]

Noun

apartheid m (genitive singular apartheidu, nominative plural apartheidy, genitive plural apartheidov, declension pattern of dub)

1. apartheid

Declension

Declension of apartheid

	singular	plural
nominative	apartheid	apartheidy
genitive	apartheidu	apartheidov
dative	apartheidu	apartheidom
accusative	apartheid	apartheidy
locative	apartheide	apartheidoch
instrumental	apartheidom	apartheidmi

References

• apartheid in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

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Spanish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /apaɾˈxeid/ [a.paɾˈxei̯ð̞]
• Rhymes: -eid

Noun

apartheid m (plural apartheids or apartheid)

1. (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
2. apartheid (any policy of racial separation)

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading

• “apartheid”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
• “apartheid” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, primera edición, Real Academia Española, 2005.