pender
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese pender (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin pendēre, present active infinitive of pendeō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [penˈdeɾ]
Verb
pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendín, past participle pendido)
- to hang, dangle
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:
- Tallaras o polmo daredor et tirallo as todo de rreiz, et el tirado, fende a danadura da parte hu mais pender por se non retẽer o uinino nen outra cousa de podreen na chaga
- You'll cut the swelling all around and you'll remove all of it from its root, and then you'll cleave the injury in the part that hangs the more, for it not to retain the venom nor other rotten thing in the open wound
- Tallaras o polmo daredor et tirallo as todo de rreiz, et el tirado, fende a danadura da parte hu mais pender por se non retẽer o uinino nen outra cousa de podreen na chaga
- Synonyms: colgar, pendurar
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 119:
Conjugation
Conjugation of pender
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | pender | |||||
| personal | pender | penderes | pender | pendermos | penderdes | penderen |
| Gerund | ||||||
| pendendo | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | pendido | pendidos | ||||
| feminine | pendida | pendidas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | pendo | pendes | pende | pendemos | pendedes | penden |
| imperfect | pendía | pendías | pendía | pendiamos | pendiades | pendían |
| preterite | pendín | pendiches | pendeu | pendemos | pendestes | penderon |
| pluperfect | pendera | penderas | pendera | penderamos | penderades | penderan |
| future | penderei | penderás | penderá | penderemos | penderedes | penderán |
| conditional | pendería | penderías | pendería | penderiamos | penderiades | penderían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | penda | pendas | penda | pendamos | pendades | pendan |
| preterite | pendese | pendeses | pendese | pendésemos | pendésedes | pendesen |
| future | pender | penderes | pender | pendermos | penderdes | penderen |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | pende | penda | pendamos | pendede | pendan |
| negative | – | pendas | penda | pendamos | pendades | pendan |
Related terms
- depender
- pendello
- pendente
- pendurar
References
- “pender” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “pender” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “pender” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “pender” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese pender, from Latin pendēre, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /pẽˈde(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /pẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pẽˈde(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /pẽˈde(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /pẽˈdeɾ/
- Hyphenation: pen‧der
Verb
pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendi, past participle pendido)
- to hang, to dangle
- to be pending
- inflection of pender:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | pender | |||||
| Personal | pender | penderes | pender | pendermos | penderdes | penderem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| pendendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | pendido | pendidos | ||||
| Feminine | pendida | pendidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | pendo | pendes | pende | pendemos | pendeis | pendem |
| Imperfect | pendia | pendias | pendia | pendíamos | pendíeis | pendiam |
| Preterite | pendi | pendeste | pendeu | pendemos | pendestes | penderam |
| Pluperfect | pendera | penderas | pendera | pendêramos | pendêreis | penderam |
| Future | penderei | penderás | penderá | penderemos | pendereis | penderão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| penderia | penderias | penderia | penderíamos | penderíeis | penderiam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | penda | pendas | penda | pendamos | pendais | pendam |
| Imperfect | pendesse | pendesses | pendesse | pendêssemos | pendêsseis | pendessem |
| Future | pender | penderes | pender | pendermos | penderdes | penderem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | pende | penda | pendamos | pendei | pendam | |
| Negative (não) | não pendas | não penda | não pendamos | não pendais | não pendam | |
Related terms
- pesar
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish pender, from Latin pendēre, pendeō, from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”). That it was inherited is shown by medieval diphthongized conjugations such as piende or the past participle pendudo. Subsequently it became an increasingly rare and archaic term.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /penˈdeɾ/ [pẽn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: pen‧der
Verb
pender (first-person singular present pendo, first-person singular preterite pendí, past participle pendido)
- to hang, dangle
- 1958: Ramón Pérez de Ayala, La pata de la Raposa
- Mientras todo va bien, no sabemos de Jo que somos capaces. Ha sido menester que pendieras una pata para ...
- Synonyms: colgar, tender
- 1958: Ramón Pérez de Ayala, La pata de la Raposa
- to be pending, to be undecided
Conjugation
Conjugation of pender (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | pender | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | pendiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | pendido | pendida | |||||
| plural | pendidos | pendidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | pendo | pendestú pendésvos | pende | pendemos | pendéis | penden | |
| imperfect | pendía | pendías | pendía | pendíamos | pendíais | pendían | |
| preterite | pendí | pendiste | pendió | pendimos | pendisteis | pendieron | |
| future | penderé | penderás | penderá | penderemos | penderéis | penderán | |
| conditional | pendería | penderías | pendería | penderíamos | penderíais | penderían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | penda | pendastú pendásvos2 | penda | pendamos | pendáis | pendan | |
| imperfect (ra) | pendiera | pendieras | pendiera | pendiéramos | pendierais | pendieran | |
| imperfect (se) | pendiese | pendieses | pendiese | pendiésemos | pendieseis | pendiesen | |
| future1 | pendiere | pendieres | pendiere | pendiéremos | pendiereis | pendieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | pendetú pendévos | penda | pendamos | pended | pendan | ||
| negative | no pendas | no penda | no pendamos | no pendáis | no pendan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Derived terms
- pendencia
- pendiente
Related terms
- pender de un hilo
- pendenciero
- pesar
- depender
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1985), “pender”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 476
Further reading
- “pender”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014