penar
Catalan
Etymology
From pena.
Verb
penar (first-person singular present peno, past participle penat)
- to punish
Conjugation
infinitive | penar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | penant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | penat | penada | |||||
plural | penats | penades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | peno | penes | pena | penem | peneu | penen | |
imperfect | penava | penaves | penava | penàvem | penàveu | penaven | |
future | penaré | penaràs | penarà | penarem | penareu | penaran | |
preterite | pení | penares | penà | penàrem | penàreu | penaren | |
conditional | penaria | penaries | penaria | penaríem | penaríeu | penarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | peni | penis | peni | penem | peneu | penin | |
imperfect | penés | penessis | penés | penéssim | penéssiu | penessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
— | pena | peni | penem | peneu | penin |
Synonyms
- penalitzar
- castigar
Derived terms
- rata penada
Portuguese
Etymology
From pena + -ar. From Old Portuguese penar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /peˈna(ʁ)/ [peˈna(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈna(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨˈnaɾ/
- Hyphenation: pe‧nar
Verb
penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite penei, past participle penado)
- to suffer, to grieve
- to afflict, to torment
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | penar | |||||
Personal | penar | penares | penar | penarmos | penardes | penarem |
Gerund | ||||||
penando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | penado | penados | ||||
Feminine | penada | penadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | peno | penas | pena | penamos | penais | penam |
Imperfect | penava | penavas | penava | penávamos | penáveis | penavam |
Preterite | penei | penaste | penou | penamos1, penámos2 | penastes | penaram |
Pluperfect | penara | penaras | penara | penáramos | penáreis | penaram |
Future | penarei | penarás | penará | penaremos | penareis | penarão |
Conditional | ||||||
penaria | penarias | penaria | penaríamos | penaríeis | penariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | pene | penes | pene | penemos | peneis | penem |
Imperfect | penasse | penasses | penasse | penássemos | penásseis | penassem |
Future | penar | penares | penar | penarmos | penardes | penarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | pena | pene | penemos | penai | penem | |
Negative (não) | não penes | não pene | não penemos | não peneis | não penem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Romanian
Alternative forms
- penal
Etymology
From earlier form penal, from German Pennal, from Medieval Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). It originally referred to a case to hold quills.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [peˈnar]
Noun
penar n (plural penare)
- pencil case
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) penar | penarul | (niște) penare | penarele |
genitive/dative | (unui) penar | penarului | (unor) penare | penarelor |
vocative | penarule | penarelor |
Synonyms
- plumieră
Related terms
- pană
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /peˈnaɾ/ [peˈnaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: pe‧nar
Verb
penar (first-person singular present peno, first-person singular preterite pené, past participle penado)
- (transitive) to punish
- (intransitive) to suffer
Conjugation
infinitive | penar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | penando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | penado | penada | |||||
plural | penados | penadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | peno | penastú penásvos | pena | penamos | penáis | penan | |
imperfect | penaba | penabas | penaba | penábamos | penabais | penaban | |
preterite | pené | penaste | penó | penamos | penasteis | penaron | |
future | penaré | penarás | penará | penaremos | penaréis | penarán | |
conditional | penaría | penarías | penaría | penaríamos | penaríais | penarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | pene | penestú penésvos2 | pene | penemos | penéis | penen | |
imperfect (ra) | penara | penaras | penara | penáramos | penarais | penaran | |
imperfect (se) | penase | penases | penase | penásemos | penaseis | penasen | |
future1 | penare | penares | penare | penáremos | penareis | penaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | penatú penávos | pene | penemos | penad | penen | ||
negative | no penes | no pene | no penemos | no penéis | no penen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive penar | |||||||
dative | penarme | penarte | penarle, penarse | penarnos | penaros | penarles, penarse | |
accusative | penarme | penarte | penarlo, penarla, penarse | penarnos | penaros | penarlos, penarlas, penarse | |
with gerund penando | |||||||
dative | penándome | penándote | penándole, penándose | penándonos | penándoos | penándoles, penándose | |
accusative | penándome | penándote | penándolo, penándola, penándose | penándonos | penándoos | penándolos, penándolas, penándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative pena | |||||||
dative | péname | pénate | pénale | pénanos | not used | pénales | |
accusative | péname | pénate | pénalo, pénala | pénanos | not used | pénalos, pénalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pená | |||||||
dative | pename | penate | penale | penanos | not used | penales | |
accusative | pename | penate | penalo, penala | penanos | not used | penalos, penalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative pene | |||||||
dative | péneme | not used | pénele, pénese | pénenos | not used | péneles | |
accusative | péneme | not used | pénelo, pénela, pénese | pénenos | not used | pénelos, pénelas | |
with first-person plural imperative penemos | |||||||
dative | not used | penémoste | penémosle | penémonos | penémoos | penémosles | |
accusative | not used | penémoste | penémoslo, penémosla | penémonos | penémoos | penémoslos, penémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative penad | |||||||
dative | penadme | not used | penadle | penadnos | penaos | penadles | |
accusative | penadme | not used | penadlo, penadla | penadnos | penaos | penadlos, penadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative penen | |||||||
dative | pénenme | not used | pénenle | pénennos | not used | pénenles, pénense | |
accusative | pénenme | not used | pénenlo, pénenla | pénennos | not used | pénenlos, pénenlas, pénense |
Further reading
- “penar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014