pelgama
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *pelgät'äk, derived from Proto-Uralic *pele- of identical meaning (whence eg. Northern Sami ballat and Hungarian fél). Cognate to Finnish pelätä. Possibly a loan from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Compare Old English fæla (“to frighten”).
Verb
pelgama (da-infinitive peljata)
- to fear, to dread, to be afraid of
Conjugation
Inflection of pelgama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, lg-lj gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | pelgan | ei pelga | 1st sing. | olen peljanud | ei ole peljanud pole peljanud |
| 2nd sing. | pelgad | 2nd sing. | oled peljanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | pelgab | 3rd sing. | on peljanud | ||
| 1st plur. | pelgame | 1st plur. | oleme peljanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | pelgate | 2nd plur. | olete peljanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | pelgavad | 3rd plur. | on peljanud | ||
| passive | peljatakse | ei peljata | passive | on peljatud | ei ole peljatud pole peljatud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | pelgasin | ei peljanud | 1st sing. | olin peljanud | ei olnud peljanud polnud peljanud |
| 2nd sing. | pelgasid | 2nd sing. | olid peljanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | pelgas | 3rd sing. | oli peljanud | ||
| 1st plur. | pelgasime | 1st plur. | olime peljanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | pelgasite | 2nd plur. | olite peljanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | pelgasid | 3rd plur. | oli peljanud | ||
| passive | peljati | ei peljatud | passive | oli peljatud | ei olnud peljatud polnud peljatud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | pelgaksin | ei pelgaks | 1st sing. | oleksin peljanud | ei oleks peljanud poleks peljanud |
| 2nd sing. | pelgaksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid peljanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | pelgaks | 3rd sing. | oleks peljanud | ||
| 1st plur. | pelgaksime | 1st plur. | oleksime peljanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | pelgaksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite peljanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | pelgaksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid peljanud | ||
| passive | peljataks | ei peljataks | passive | oleks peljatud | ei oleks peljatud poleks peljatud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | pelga | ära pelga | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | peljaku | ärgu peljaku | 3rd sing. | olgu peljanud | ärgu olgu peljanud |
| 1st plur. | peljakem | ärgem peljakem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | peljake | ärge peljake | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | peljaku | ärgu peljaku | 3rd plur. | olgu peljanud | ärgu olgu peljanud |
| passive | peljatagu | ärgu peljatagu | passive | olgu peljatud | ärgu olgu peljatud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | pelgavat | ei pelgavat | active | olevat peljanud | ei olevat peljanud polevat peljanud |
| passive | peljatavat | ei peljatavat | passive | olevat peljatud | ei olevat peljatud polevat peljatud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | peljata | ||||||
| nominative | pelgama | peljatama | des-form | peljates | |||||
| inessive | pelgamas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | pelgamast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | pelgamaks | — | present | pelgav | peljatav | ||||
| abessive | pelgamata | — | past | peljanud | peljatud | ||||
Derived terms
- pelglik
- pelgus