peiner
French
Etymology
Old French pener et al. corresponding to peine + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɛ.ne/, /pe.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
peiner
- to struggle, toil
- Il a beaucoup peiné sur ce travail.
- He struggled a lot in the job
- to cause pain to, afflict
- Cette nouvelle m’a beaucoup peiné.
- The news pained me greatly
Conjugation
Conjugation of peiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | peiner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | peinant /pɛ.nɑ̃/ or /pe.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | peiné /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | peine /pɛn/ | peines /pɛn/ | peine /pɛn/ | peinons /pɛ.nɔ̃/ or /pe.nɔ̃/ | peinez /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ | peinent /pɛn/ |
| imperfect | peinais /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ | peinais /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ | peinait /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ | peinions /pɛ.njɔ̃/ or /pe.njɔ̃/ | peiniez /pɛ.nje/ or /pe.nje/ | peinaient /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | peinai /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ | peinas /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ | peina /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ | peinâmes /pɛ.nam/ or /pe.nam/ | peinâtes /pɛ.nat/ or /pe.nat/ | peinèrent /pɛ.nɛʁ/ or /pe.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | peinerai /pɛn.ʁe/ | peineras /pɛn.ʁa/ | peinera /pɛn.ʁa/ | peinerons /pɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | peinerez /pɛn.ʁe/ | peineront /pɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | peinerais /pɛn.ʁɛ/ | peinerais /pɛn.ʁɛ/ | peinerait /pɛn.ʁɛ/ | peinerions /pɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | peineriez /pɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /pe.nə.ʁje/ | peineraient /pɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | peine /pɛn/ | peines /pɛn/ | peine /pɛn/ | peinions /pɛ.njɔ̃/ or /pe.njɔ̃/ | peiniez /pɛ.nje/ or /pe.nje/ | peinent /pɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | peinasse /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ | peinasses /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ | peinât /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ | peinassions /pɛ.na.sjɔ̃/ or /pe.na.sjɔ̃/ | peinassiez /pɛ.na.sje/ or /pe.na.sje/ | peinassent /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | peine /pɛn/ | — | peinons /pɛ.nɔ̃/ or /pe.nɔ̃/ | peinez /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “peiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- épiner