patskanis
Latvian
Patskaņi
Alternative forms
- (obsolete forms) pašskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa
Etymology
From pats (“self”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (“vowel”) coined by A. Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.[1]
Noun
patskanis m (2nd declension)
- (phonetics, phonology) vowel
- uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņi ― stressed and unstressed vowels
- garie un īsie patskaņi ― long and short vowels
- patskaņu klasifikācija ― vowel classification
- šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])
- platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])
- ritma, lāpāmais patskanis ― rhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)
Declension
Declension of patskanis (2nd declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | patskanis | patskaņi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | patskani | patskaņus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | patskaņa | patskaņu |
| dative (datīvs) | patskanim | patskaņiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | patskani | patskaņiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | patskanī | patskaņos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | patskani | patskaņi |
Synonyms
- vokālis
- (obsolete terms) balsskanis, skandinieks, skanis
See also
- divskanis
- līdzskanis
- skaņa, skanēt
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “patskanis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN