patauger
French
Etymology
From patte.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pa.to.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Verb
patauger
- to paddle around, splash about
- Synonyms: barboter, s'ébattre
- to squelch around, wade through (in mud, in wet terrain)
- to flounder around (in mud or snow)
- Synonym: se débattre
- (figuratively) to flounder, get bogged down
- Synonyms: s'empêtrer, s'embrouiller
- 2019, Alain Damasio, chapter 2, in Les furtifs [The Stealthies], La Volte, →ISBN:
- Alors j’ai repensé à Saskia, à ce qu’elle m’avait dit au Récif, un soir que je pataugeais dans un atelier de traquage numérique : […]
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written patauge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of patauger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | patauger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pataugeant /pa.to.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pataugé /pa.to.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | patauge /pa.toʒ/ | patauges /pa.toʒ/ | patauge /pa.toʒ/ | pataugeons /pa.to.ʒɔ̃/ | pataugez /pa.to.ʒe/ | pataugent /pa.toʒ/ |
| imperfect | pataugeais /pa.to.ʒɛ/ | pataugeais /pa.to.ʒɛ/ | pataugeait /pa.to.ʒɛ/ | pataugions /pa.to.ʒjɔ̃/ | pataugiez /pa.to.ʒje/ | pataugeaient /pa.to.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pataugeai /pa.to.ʒe/ | pataugeas /pa.to.ʒa/ | pataugea /pa.to.ʒa/ | pataugeâmes /pa.to.ʒam/ | pataugeâtes /pa.to.ʒat/ | pataugèrent /pa.to.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | pataugerai /pa.toʒ.ʁe/ | pataugeras /pa.toʒ.ʁa/ | pataugera /pa.toʒ.ʁa/ | pataugerons /pa.toʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | pataugerez /pa.toʒ.ʁe/ | pataugeront /pa.toʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pataugerais /pa.toʒ.ʁɛ/ | pataugerais /pa.toʒ.ʁɛ/ | pataugerait /pa.toʒ.ʁɛ/ | pataugerions /pa.to.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | pataugeriez /pa.to.ʒə.ʁje/ | pataugeraient /pa.toʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | patauge /pa.toʒ/ | patauges /pa.toʒ/ | patauge /pa.toʒ/ | pataugions /pa.to.ʒjɔ̃/ | pataugiez /pa.to.ʒje/ | pataugent /pa.toʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | pataugeasse /pa.to.ʒas/ | pataugeasses /pa.to.ʒas/ | pataugeât /pa.to.ʒa/ | pataugeassions /pa.to.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | pataugeassiez /pa.to.ʒa.sje/ | pataugeassent /pa.to.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | patauge /pa.toʒ/ | — | pataugeons /pa.to.ʒɔ̃/ | pataugez /pa.to.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- pataugeoire
Further reading
- “patauger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- pâturage, tapageur