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单词 abnormal
释义

abnormal

English

Alternative forms

  • anormal
  • (obsolete) abnormous

Etymology

From ab- +‎ normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous,[1] from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)),[2] or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos)[3].

Pronunciation

  • Audio (US)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/, /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
  • Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl

Adjective

abnormal (comparative more abnormal, superlative most abnormal)

  1. Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.][4]
    • 1899, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 6, in A Duet:
      And then after an abnormal meal, which was either a very late breakfast or a very early lunch, they drove on to Victoria Station.
  2. Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.][4]
    • 1904, Jack London, chapter 23, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, OCLC 169815:
      Furuseth was right; I was abnormal, an "emotionless monster," a strange bookish creature, capable of pleasuring in sensations only of the mind.
    • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 161:
      Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.

Synonyms

  • (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from type): aberrant, anomalous, atypical, exceptional, extraordinary, irregular, preternatural, strange, unusual.

Derived terms

  • abnormalcy
  • abnormal hieratic
  • abnormalism
  • abnormality
  • abnormalize
  • abnormally
  • abnormalness
  • abnormal psychology
  • nonabnormal

Descendants

  • Cebuano: abnormal
  • Norwegian Bokmål: abnormal
  • Tagalog: abnormal

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

abnormal (plural abnormals)

  1. A person or object that is not normal.

References

  1. Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 3
  2. Morris, William, editor (1969) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
  3. Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abnormal”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 3.
  4. Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abnormal”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 6.

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from English abnormal.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

abnormal

  1. abnormal; deviating from the usual or normal type
  2. retarded (having mental retardation)
  3. stupid (lacking in intelligence)

Noun

abnormal

  1. retard
  2. stupid person

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:abnormal.

Derived terms

  • abno
  • abnoy

German

Etymology

Related to Latin ab- and normal

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

abnormal (strong nominative masculine singular abnormaler, comparative abnormaler, superlative am abnormalsten)

  1. abnormal

Declension

Positive forms of abnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist abnormalsie ist abnormales ist abnormalsie sind abnormal
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeabnormalerabnormaleabnormalesabnormale
genitiveabnormalenabnormalerabnormalenabnormaler
dativeabnormalemabnormalerabnormalemabnormalen
accusativeabnormalenabnormaleabnormalesabnormale
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder abnormaledie abnormaledas abnormaledie abnormalen
genitivedes abnormalender abnormalendes abnormalender abnormalen
dativedem abnormalender abnormalendem abnormalenden abnormalen
accusativeden abnormalendie abnormaledas abnormaledie abnormalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein abnormalereine abnormaleein abnormales(keine) abnormalen
genitiveeines abnormaleneiner abnormaleneines abnormalen(keiner) abnormalen
dativeeinem abnormaleneiner abnormaleneinem abnormalen(keinen) abnormalen
accusativeeinen abnormaleneine abnormaleein abnormales(keine) abnormalen
Comparative forms of abnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist abnormalersie ist abnormaleres ist abnormalersie sind abnormaler
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeabnormalererabnormalereabnormaleresabnormalere
genitiveabnormalerenabnormalererabnormalerenabnormalerer
dativeabnormaleremabnormalererabnormaleremabnormaleren
accusativeabnormalerenabnormalereabnormaleresabnormalere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder abnormaleredie abnormaleredas abnormaleredie abnormaleren
genitivedes abnormalerender abnormalerendes abnormalerender abnormaleren
dativedem abnormalerender abnormalerendem abnormalerenden abnormaleren
accusativeden abnormalerendie abnormaleredas abnormaleredie abnormaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein abnormalerereine abnormalereein abnormaleres(keine) abnormaleren
genitiveeines abnormalereneiner abnormalereneines abnormaleren(keiner) abnormaleren
dativeeinem abnormalereneiner abnormalereneinem abnormaleren(keinen) abnormaleren
accusativeeinen abnormalereneine abnormalereein abnormaleres(keine) abnormaleren
Superlative forms of abnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist am abnormalstensie ist am abnormalstenes ist am abnormalstensie sind am abnormalsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeabnormalsterabnormalsteabnormalstesabnormalste
genitiveabnormalstenabnormalsterabnormalstenabnormalster
dativeabnormalstemabnormalsterabnormalstemabnormalsten
accusativeabnormalstenabnormalsteabnormalstesabnormalste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder abnormalstedie abnormalstedas abnormalstedie abnormalsten
genitivedes abnormalstender abnormalstendes abnormalstender abnormalsten
dativedem abnormalstender abnormalstendem abnormalstenden abnormalsten
accusativeden abnormalstendie abnormalstedas abnormalstedie abnormalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein abnormalstereine abnormalsteein abnormalstes(keine) abnormalsten
genitiveeines abnormalsteneiner abnormalsteneines abnormalsten(keiner) abnormalsten
dativeeinem abnormalsteneiner abnormalsteneinem abnormalsten(keinen) abnormalsten
accusativeeinen abnormalsteneine abnormalsteein abnormalstes(keine) abnormalsten
  • Abnormalität

Further reading

  • “abnormal” in Duden online
  • “abnormal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

Affixed ab- +‎ normal, from Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [apˈnɔrmal]
  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

abnormal

  1. abnormal
    Antonym: normal

Derived terms

  • keabnormalan
  • abnormalitas

Further reading

  • “abnormal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From English abnormal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ab.nor.mal]
  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal
  • Rhymes: -mal

Adjective

abnormal (Jawi spelling ابنورمل‎)

  1. abnormal

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • keabnormalan [resemblance / passive] (ke-an)

References

  • “abnormal” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 4.

Further reading

  • “abnormal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English abnormal, from Latin abnōrmis (“departing from normal”), from both ab- (“away from, off”), from ab (“from, away from, of”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”), and from nōrma (“norm, standard; rule, precept”) (with the suffix -is), from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “examiner, carpenter's square”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I am aware of”) (with the suffix -μων (-mōn, “I am aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *-mō), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵiǵneh₃- (with the suffix -σκω (-skō), from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Equivalent to abnorm +‎ -al, suffix from French -al (“-al”), from Middle French, from Old French -al, from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *-li-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /abnɔrˈmɑːl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑːl
  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

abnormal (neuter singular abnormalt, definite singular and plural abnormale, comparative merabnormal, superlative mestabnormal)

  1. abnormal (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type.)
    • 1969, Naturen:
      normale og abnormale blodceller
      normal and abnormal blood cells
    • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 406:
      [de] abnormale mod skjønhedsideen stridende udvæxter
      [the] abnormal outgrowths contrary to the idea of beauty
    • 1967, Naturen, page 6:
      abnormalt høye varmestrømmer fra underhavene [områdene under verdenshavene]
      abnormally high heat flows from under the oceans [areas under the world's oceans]
    • 2015 February 18, scenekunst.no‎[X]:
      [han er] ikledd et absurd kontorantrekk fra 60-tallet med abnormalt høyt liv og et stripete slips
      [he is] wearing an absurd office suit from the 60's with abnormally high waist and a striped tie
    abnormal psykologi
    abnormal psychology
    Synonyms: anormal, unormal, uvanlig, usedvanlig, ualminnelig, overordentlig
    Antonyms: normal, vanlig, ordinær, gjennomsnittlig

References

  • “abnormal” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
  • “abnormal” in Store norske leksikon

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal
  • IPA(key): /ʔabnoɾˈmal/, [ʔɐb.noɾˈmal] (common)
  • IPA(key): /ʔabˈnoɾmal/, [ʔɐbˈnoɾ.mɐl] (in code-switching speech)

Usage notes

  • The pronunciation /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ is the usual pronunciation attested in dictionaries and is commonly used.
  • The pronunciation /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ is commonly used in code-switching speech, especially by younger speakers.

Adjective

abnormál or abnormal

  1. abnormal; irregular
    Synonyms: di-karaniwan, di-normal

Derived terms

  • abnoy
  • abnormalidad

Further reading

  • “abnormal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
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