antiquus
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *antīkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti-h₃kʷós (“appearing before, having prior aspect”), from *h₂énti (locative singular of *h₂ent- (“front, front side”)) + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). Compare Sanskrit अन्तिक (antiká, “near, in the vicinity; nearness, proximity”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /anˈtiː.kʷus/, [än̪ˈt̪iːkʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /anˈti.kwus/, [än̪ˈt̪iːkwus]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Adjective
antīquus (feminine antīqua, neuter antīquum, comparative antīquior, superlative antīquissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- old, ancient
- Synonyms: vetus, prīscus, longinquus, vetustus
- aged
- Synonyms: prīscus, prīstinus, senex, vetus, vetustus
- Antonyms: novus, recēns
- time-honoured, bygone
- simple, venerable
- (only superlative or comparative) the most important, valued, dear, precious
- Synonyms: pretiōsus, cārus, impēnsus, dīves
- Antonym: vīlis
- classic, traditional, essential
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | antīquus | antīqua | antīquum | antīquī | antīquae | antīqua | |
Genitive | antīquī | antīquae | antīquī | antīquōrum | antīquārum | antīquōrum | |
Dative | antīquō | antīquō | antīquīs | ||||
Accusative | antīquum | antīquam | antīquum | antīquōs | antīquās | antīqua | |
Ablative | antīquō | antīquā | antīquō | antīquīs | |||
Vocative | antīque | antīqua | antīquum | antīquī | antīquae | antīqua |
Related terms
- ante
- antīquārius
- antīquē
- antīquitās
- antīquitus
- antīquō
Descendant notes
Due to the regular sound change /kʷu/ > /ku/, the masculine antīquus was pronounced with /k/ (and indeed often spelled ⟨anticus⟩). The feminine antīqua, on the other hand, retained /kʷ/. In Romance, this /k~kʷ/ alternation persisted in Old French, Old Spanish, and Old Portuguese (see below). In all Romance languages, the alternation was sooner or later leveled by analogy.
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: antico, antica
- → English: antic
- Neapolitan: antìco, antica
- Sicilian: anticu, antica
- Italian: antico, antica
- North Italian:
- Friulian: antîc
- Istriot: anteîco
- Romagnol: antìg, intìg
- Venetian: antico
- Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: anti, antive
- ⇒ antif (new masculine built from femine antive)
- ⇒ antie (new feminine built from masculine anti)
- Old French: anti, antive
- Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: antic, antiga
- Old Occitan: antic, antiga
- Occitan: antic; antiga or antica (the latter either analogical or from French antique)
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: antigo, antiga
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: antiguu, antigua
- Extremaduran: antíguu, antígua
- Old Portuguese: antigo, antigua
- Galician: antigo ⇒ antiga
- Portuguese: antigo ⇒ antiga
- Old Spanish: antigo, antigua
- Ladino: antigo ⇒ antiga
- Spanish: antigua ⇒ antiguo
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: antigu, antiga
- Borrowings:
- → English: Antigua
- → Esperanto: antikva
- → Old French: antic
- French: antique (see there for further descendants)
- → English: antique
- French: antique (see there for further descendants)
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “antiquus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 660
Further reading
- “antiquus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “antiquus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- antiquus in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- antiquus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- antiquus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
- to restore a man to his former position: aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere
- in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus