oni
See also: ONI, òni, ôni, ọni, oñi, oni-, -oni, öni-, oɲĩ, and они
English
Etymology
From Japanese 鬼 (oni).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈoʊniː]
- Rhymes: -iː
Noun
oni (plural onis or oni)
- A Japanese evil spirit or demon.
- 1908, Henri L. Joly, Legend in Japanese Art: A Description of Historical Episodes, Legendary Characters, Folk-lore, Myths, Religious Symbolism, Illustrated in the Arts of Old Japan, page 263-264
- ONI 鬼. Generic name for devils, the representation of which in art is quite a common feature. Onis have claws, a square head with two horns, sharp teeth, and malignant eyes surmounted by big eyebrows; occasionally they wear trousers of tiger skin.
- 1918, William Elliot Griffis, Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks
- Across the ocean, in Japan, there once lived curious creatures called Onis. Every Japanese boy and girl has heard of them, though one has not often been caught.
- 1979, Marian Ury, Tales of Times Now Past: Sixty-Two Stories from a Medieval Japanese Collection, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 147:
- "That's no human being playing the instrument," he thought in amazement. "It can only be an oni or some such being."
- 1992, Karl M. Schwarz, Netsuke Subjects: A Study on the Netsuke Themes with Reference to Their Interpretation and Symbolism, Böhlau Verlag Wien, →ISBN, page 46:
- The standing Shoki holds with his left hand an oni on his leg.
- 2005, Christopher Hart, Manga Mania Shoujo: How to Draw the Charming and Romantic Characters of Japanese Comics, →ISBN, page 69:
- This is actually a boy bishie in the form of an ogre. It's called an oni in Japanese. Onis have supernatural powers that can command the forces of nature such as wind (to create hurricanes) and lightning (to create thunderbolts).
- 2011, Mike Shel, “Ecology of the Oni”, in Jade Regent: The Brinewall Legacy, Paizo Publishing, →ISBN, page 69:
- The oni are a diverse group of evil spirits who take on the form of humanoid creatures so that they can enjoy the pleasures and vices of the flesh.
- 1908, Henri L. Joly, Legend in Japanese Art: A Description of Historical Episodes, Legendary Characters, Folk-lore, Myths, Religious Symbolism, Illustrated in the Arts of Old Japan, page 263-264
Anagrams
- -ino, -ion, Ion, NIO, NOI, ion
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈoɲɪ]
audio (file)
Pronoun
oni pl
- they (third person personal masculine plural)
Declension
Declension of oni
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | on | oni |
| genitive | jeho/něho/ho | jich |
| dative | jemu/němu/mu | jim |
| accusative | jeho/něho/ho(animate) / jej/něj(inanimate) | je |
| vocative | — | — |
| locative | něm | nich |
| instrumental | jím | jimi |
Related terms
Czech personal pronouns
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | já | my | |
| 2nd person | familiar | ty | vy |
| polite | vy | ||
| 3rd person | m | on | oni |
| f | ona | ony | |
| n | ono | ona | |
| reflexive | sebe, se (clitic) | ||
Dupaningan Agta
Interjection
oni
- yes
Esperanto
Etymology
From French on, ultimately from Latin homō (“human being; man”). English one is not etymologically related to on, but its use as an indefinite personal pronoun was influenced by French. Doublet of homo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈoni]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -oni
- Hyphenation: o‧ni
Pronoun
oni (accusative onin, possessive onia)
- (indefinite personal pronoun) one
- Oni povas vidi ĝin. ― One can see it.
- (indefinite pronoun, vague meaning) they (some people, people in general)
- Oni diras, ke Norvegio estas bonega loko por loĝi. ― They say Norway is a great place to live.
Usage notes
- Comparable to the use of generic "you" in English (e.g. In America, you can do what you want).
- A sentence whose subject is "oni" can often be translated as an English sentence in the passive voice, for example: "Oni ofte referencas al Kimrio kiel la 'lando de la kanto.'" can be translated as "Wales is often referred to as the 'land of song.'"
- Although the accusative onin and the possessive onia are possible, they are far less frequent than oni itself. Correlatives such as iun (“someone (accusative)”) or ies (“someone's”) are often more natural in contexts where onin or onia might make sense: "one's mother tongue" will usually be rendered ies gepatra lingvo rather than onia gepatra lingvo, though the latter would still be correct. Note that where the subject of a clause is oni, anything that oni possesses in that clause will take the reflexive possessive sia, not onia: Oni plej nature pensas en sia gepatra lingvo (one thinks most naturally in one's mother tongue).
Descendants
- → Ido: onu
See also
- unu (“one”)
Guinau
Noun
oni
- water
References
- Alfred Russel Wallace, A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro
- Proceedings [of the] Philological Society, London, Volume 3
Japanese
Romanization
oni
- Rōmaji transcription of おに
Lindu
Noun
oni
- noise
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔ.ɲi/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔɲi
- Syllabification: o‧ni
Pronoun
oni
- they (third-person masculine personal nominative)
Declension
Declension of oni
| plural | |
|---|---|
| nominative | oni |
| genitive | ich/nich |
| dative | im/nim |
| accusative | ich/nich |
| instrumental | nimi |
| locative | nich |
| vocative | — |
See also
- one
- Appendix:Polish pronouns
Further reading
- oni in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- oni in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ǒni/
- Hyphenation: o‧ni
Pronoun
òni (Cyrillic spelling о̀ни)
- they (nominative plural of ȏn (“he”))
Declension
Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| nominative | ȏn | òna | òno | òni | òne | òna |
| genitive | njȅga, ga | njȇ, je | njȅga, ga | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
| dative | njȅmu, mu | njȏj, joj | njȅmu, mu | njȉma, im | njȉma, im | njȉma, im |
| accusative | njȅga, ga, nj | njȗ, ju, je | njȅga, ga, nj | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
| vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| locative | njȅm, njȅmu | njȏj | njȅm, njȅmu | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
| instrumental | njȋm, njíme | njȏm, njóme | njȋm, njíme | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔɲi/
Pronoun
oni
- they (third person, personal, m pl)
Related terms
- ja
- ty
- on ona ono
- my
- vy
- ony
Further reading
- oni in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oni.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ̀ːni/
Pronoun
óni
- they (masculine plural, more than two)
Inflection
Forms between parentheses indicate clitic forms; the main forms are used for emphasis.
Declension of oni (irregular, suppletive)
| singular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | òn | ôna | ôno |
| accusative | njêga (ga, -nj) | njó (jo, -njo) | njêga (ga, -nj) |
| genitive | njêga (ga) | njé (je) | njêga (ga) |
| dative | njêmu (mu) | njéj, njèj, njì (ji) | njêmu (mu) |
| locative | njêm | njéj, njèj, njì | njêm |
| instrumental | njím | njó | njím |
| possessive | njegôv, njegòv | njén | njegôv, njegòv |
| dual | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | ônadva | ônidve, onédve | ônidve, onédve |
| accusative | njíju (ju, -nju) or plural | njíju (ju, -nju) or plural | njíju (ju, -nju) or plural |
| genitive | njíju (ju) or plural | njíju (ju) or plural | njíju (ju) or plural |
| dative | njíma (jima) | njíma (jima) | njíma (jima) |
| locative | njíju or plural | njíju or plural | njíju or plural |
| instrumental | njíma | njíma | njíma |
| possessive | njún | njún | njún |
| plural | |||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | ôni | ône | ôna |
| accusative | njìh (jih, -nje) | njìh (jih, -nje) | njìh (jih, -nje) |
| genitive | njìh (jih) | njìh (jih) | njìh (jih) |
| dative | njìm (jim) | njìm (jim) | njìm (jim) |
| locative | njìh | njìh | njìh |
| instrumental | njími | njími | njími |
| possessive | njíhov | njíhov | njíhov |
See also
Slovene personal pronouns
| singular | dual | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | m | jaz | midva | mi | |
| f | medve, midve | me | |||
| 2nd person | familiar | m | ti | vidva | vi |
| f | vedve, vidve | ve | |||
| polite | m | vi | vidva | vi | |
| f | vi | vedve, vidve | ve | ||
| 3rd person | m | on | onadva | oni | |
| f | ona | onedve, onidve | one | ||
| n | ono | onedve, onidve | ona | ||
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
From English honey.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈo.ni/
Noun
oni
- honey
Volapük
Pronoun
oni
- accusative singular of on
Welsh
Alternative forms
- onid (used before a vowel)
- on' (colloquial, before a consonant), on'd (colloquial, before a vowel)
Etymology
o (“if”) + ni (“not”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔni/
Conjunction
oni (triggers mixed mutation except of forms of bod)
- unless
- oni lwydda ― unless he succeeds
- Oni bai fe yma, bydden ni wedi gwybod.
- Unless he were here, we would have known.
- until
- oni ddaw fe ― until he comes
Synonyms
- (until): nes, hyd oni
Particle
oni (triggers mixed mutation)
- used to introduce a negative question
- Oni fuom yn proffwydo yn dy enw di?
- Did we not prophesy in thy name?
- (colloquial) used to form a tag question
- Byddwch chi yma, oni fyddwch chi?
- You'll be there, won't you?
Yoruba
Alternative forms
- èní (Lagos)
Etymology
Cognate with Olukumi òní, Ifè òní, and likely cognate with Igala èñíni.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ò.nĩ́/
Noun
òní
- today
- Òní ni ọjọ́-ìbí mi.
- Today is my birthday.
- 2008 December 19, Awoyale, Yiwola, Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, DOI:, →ISBN:
- Òní l'a rí, ọba òkè l'ó rọ́la.
- It is [only] today that we see, [only] the Most High sees tomorrow (proverb on divine supremacy)
Derived terms
- àtànámónìí (“combination of today and yesterday”)
- lónìí (“today”)
- òde-òní (“modern, contemporary time”)
- Òní (“a child who cries non-stop until its naming ceremony”)
References
- Awoyale, Yiwola (December 19, 2008) Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, volume LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →ISBN
- Salem Ǒchála È̩jè̩bá (2016) A Grammar of Ígálâ, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN), M & J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd., →ISBN
- SIL International (2016) Dictionnaire Ifè (in French)