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单词 old
释义

old

See also: öld, ǫld, øld, 'old, old-, and OLD

English

Alternative forms

  • ol', ol, ole
  • olde (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle English olde, ald, from Old English ald, eald (“old, aged, ancient, antique, primeval”), from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), originally a participle form, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós (“grown, tall, big”).

Cognate with Scots auld (“old”), North Frisian ool, ual, uul (“old”), Saterland Frisian oold (“old”), West Frisian âld (“old”), Dutch oud (“old”), Low German old (“old”), German alt (“old”), Swedish äldre (“older, elder”), Icelandic eldri (“older, elder”), Latin altus (“high, tall, grown big, lofty”). Related to eld.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈəʊld/, [ˈɔʊ(ɫ)d], [ˈɒʊ(ɫ)d]
    • Audio (UK)(file)
    • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) enPR: ōld, IPA(key): /ˈoʊld/
    • Audio (US)(file)
  • (New Zealand) IPA(key): /aʉld/, [ɒʊ(ɫ)d]
  • Rhymes: -əʊld

Adjective

old (comparative older or elder, superlative (US, dialectal) oldermost or oldest or eldest)

  1. Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
    an old abandoned building
    an old friend
    • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:
      They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.
    1. Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
      a wrinkled old man
    2. Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
      an old loaf of bread
    3. Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related others
      the ginkgo is one of the oldest living trees
      Basque is the oldest language in Europe
  2. Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
    I find that an old toothbrush is good to clean the keyboard with.
  3. Having existed or lived for the specified time.
    How old are they? She’s five years old and he's seven. We also have a young teen and a two-year-old child.
    My great-grandfather lived to be a hundred and one years old.
  4. (heading) Of an earlier time.
    1. Former, previous.
      My new car is not as good as my old one.  a school reunion for Old Etonians
      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:
        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.
      • 1994, Michael Grumley, Life Drawing
        But over my old life, a new life had formed.
    2. That is no longer in existence.
      The footpath follows the route of an old railway line.
    3. Obsolete; out-of-date.
      That is the old way of doing things; now we do it this way.
    4. Familiar.
      • 1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:
        Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’
      When he got drunk and quarrelsome they just gave him the old heave-ho.
    5. (UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.
  5. Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
    • 1995, MacUser, volume 11, MacUser Publications, page 147:
      Rik: But even great shtick can get old real fast: the dreaded Saturday Night Live syndrome.
      Jim: Randomness can help - many Living Books have characters that do different things each time you click on them.
    • 2000, Charles A. Siringo, A Texas Cowboy: or, Fifteen Years on the Hurricane Deck of a Spanish Pony, Penguin, →ISBN, page 100:
      John and I built a small stone house on the head of “Bonetta” Canyon and had a hog killing time all by ourselves. Hunting was our delight at first, until it became old.
    • 2008, Homer L. Hall, Logan H. Aimone, High School Journalism, The Rosen Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 171:
      The songs start to get old real fast, and it's easy to get bored after the third song.
    • 2012, Blossom, From Under a Bridge Ii, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 40:
      It was the same old thing every week, working and drinking, working and drinking. It became old and I got really sick of it.
    Your constant pestering is getting old.
  6. Said of subdued colors, particularly reds, pinks and oranges, as if they had faded over time.
  7. A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.
    We're having a good old time.
    My next car will be a big old SUV.
    My wife makes the best little old apple pie in Texas.
    any old
  8. (informal, of a person) Indicating affection.
    • 1951, J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Little, Brown and Company, OCLC 287628, page 165:
      Finally, when they were all done slobbering around, old Sally introduced us.
  9. (obsolete) Excessive, abundant.
    • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:
      URSULA: Madam, you must come to your uncle. Yonder's old coil at home: it is proved, my Lady Hero hath been falsely accused, the prince and Claudio mightily abused;

Synonyms

  • (having existed for a long period of time): ancient, long in the tooth, paleo-; see also Thesaurus:old
  • (having lived for many years): aged, ageing / aging, elderly, long in the tooth, on in years; see also Thesaurus:elderly
  • (having existed or lived for the specified time): aged, of age
  • (former): erstwhile, ex-, former, one-time, past; see also Thesaurus:former
  • (out-of-date): antiquated, obsolete (of words), outdated; see also Thesaurus:obsolete

Antonyms

  • (having existed for a long period of time): brand new, fresh, new, neo-, ceno-
  • (having lived for many years): young
  • (former): current, latest, new

Derived terms

  • age-old
  • any old
  • big old
  • come the old soldier
  • comfortable as an old shoe
  • good old
  • little old
  • of old
  • ol'
  • Old Aberdeen
  • old age
  • old-age
  • Old Akkadian
  • Old Alresford
  • Old Armenian
  • Old Assyrian
  • old as the hills, older than the hills
  • Old Babylonian
  • Old Basford
  • Old Basing
  • Old Blighty
  • Old Bolingbroke
  • Old Bulgarian
  • Old Catton
  • Old Church Slavic
  • Old Church Slavonic
  • Old Cleeve
  • old college try
  • Old Coulsdon
  • old country
  • Old Cumnock
  • Old Czech
  • Old Denaby
  • Old Dutch
  • Old Egyptian
  • olden
  • Old English
  • old fart
  • old-fashioned
  • old flame
  • Old Flemish
  • old fogey
  • Old Ford
  • old franc
  • Old Franconian
  • Old Frankish
  • Old French
  • Old Frisian
  • Old Glory
  • old gold
  • old growth
  • old guard
  • old hand
  • Old Harbour
  • old hat
  • Old High German
  • Old Hill
  • oldhood
  • Old Icelandic
  • oldies
  • Old Indic
  • Old Indo-Aryan
  • Old Ingarsby
  • Old Ionic
  • Old Iranian
  • Old Irish
  • Old Kilpatrick
  • old lace
  • old lady
  • Old Latin
  • Old Leake
  • Old Low Franconian
  • Old Low Frankish
  • Old Low German
  • oldly
  • Old Lyme
  • old maid
  • old man
  • Old Milverton
  • old money
  • oldness
  • Old Nick
  • Old Norse
  • Old North French
  • Old Norwegian
  • Old Oak Common
  • old penny
  • Old Persian
  • Old Provençal
  • Old Prussian
  • Old Radnor
  • Old Ravensworth
  • old regime
  • Old Russian
  • olds
  • old salt
  • Old Sarum
  • old saw
  • Old Saxon
  • Old Saybrook
  • Old Scandinavian
  • old school
  • Old Shoreham
  • Old Slavic
  • Old Slavonic
  • old sweat
  • Old Testament
  • old-time
  • old-timer
  • old town, Old Town
  • Old Welsh
  • Old Windsor
  • Old Wolverton
  • old woman
  • Old Woodhall
  • Old World
  • old-world
  • ole
  • over-old
  • same old same old
  • same old story
  • some old
  • that old dog won't hunt
  • there's no fool like an old fool
  • you can't put an old head on young shoulders

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

old (plural olds)

  1. (with the, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the older generation, taken as a group.
    A civilised society should always look after the old in the community.
  2. (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.
  3. (slang, most often plural) One's parents.
    I had to sneak out to meet my girlfriend and tell the olds I was going to the library.
  4. (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-coloured lager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.
    • 2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 117:
      We crossed to the pub on the corner of Carlisle Street and I ordered two schooners of old for him and one of light for me.

Anagrams

  • DLO, DOL, Dol, LDO, LOD, Lo'd, LoD, Lod, dol, lod

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔlˀ/, [ˈʌlˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ǫld, from Proto-Germanic *aldiz, cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (alds).

Noun

old c (singular definite olden, not used in plural form)

  1. (archaic) period, age, generation
    • 1813, N.F.S. Grundtvig, Kristjan den sjette, in: Poetiske Skrifter, vol. 3, p. 306
      Hvad der bygtes i din Old, Bygtes som paa Grus og Sand.
      What was built in your age was built as if on gravel and sand.
    • 1805, Adam Oehleschläger, Isefjorden / https://kalliope.org/da/text/oehlenschlaeger2019020350
      Hvor de tykke Piller favne / Støvet af de store Navne, / Som ei døer, ei blier forgiettet, / Naar min Old er længst udslettet.
      Where the massive columns embrace the dust of the great names that will not die, will not be forgotten when my generation has been obliterated for a long time.
  2. (archaic, rare) antiquity
    • 1891, Holger Drachmann, Vildt og tæmmet, 299
      Andenlæreren var en Sværmer, og en fanatisk Sværmer, for den nordiske Old.
      The teaching assistant was an enthusiast, a fanatic enthusiast, for the Nordic Antiquity.
Inflection
Declension of old
common
gender		Singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativeoldolden
genitiveoldsoldens
Derived terms
  • hedenold
  • old-
  • olding
  • oldsag
  • oldtid

References

  • “Old,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2

Clipping of oldtidskundskab.

Noun

old c (uninflected)

  1. Classical Civilization (a course in secondary school)
    Synonym: oldtidskundskab
Derived terms
  • oldlærer

References

  • “old” in Den Danske Ordbog

German Low German

Alternative forms

  • oold, ol, olt

Etymology

From Middle Low German ôlt. The A became an O through the effect of the velarised L in the same manner as in Dutch oud.

Cognate with English old, Dutch oud, German alt, West Frisian âld.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔːɫt/

Adjective

old (comparative öller, superlative öllst)

  1. old

Declension

Positive forms of old
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe is oldse is olddat is oldse sünd old
partitiveeen ollseen ollswat ollsallens oll
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeolleolleoldolle
obliqueollenolleoldolle
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede ollede olledat ollede ollen
obliqueden ollende olledat ollede ollen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen olleen olleen old/ollet(keen) ollen
obliqueen ollenen olleen old/ollet(keen) ollen
Comparative forms of old
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe is öllerse is öllerdat is öllerse sünd öller
partitiveeen öllerseen öllerswat öllersallens öller
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeöllereöllereölleröllere
obliqueöllernöllereölleröllere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede öllerede ölleredat öllerede öllern
obliqueden öllernde ölleredat öllerede öllern
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen öllereen öllereen öller(keen) öllern
obliqueen öllernen öllereen öller(keen) öllern
Superlative forms of old
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe is de Öllstese is de Öllstedat is dat Öllstese sünd de Öllsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeöllsteöllsteöllstöllste
obliqueöllstenöllsteöllstöllste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede öllstede öllstedat öllstede öllsten
obliqueden öllstende öllstedat öllstede öllsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen öllsteen öllsteen öllst(keen) öllsten
obliqueen öllstenen öllsteen öllst(keen) öllsten
Note: This declension is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Descendants

  • → German: oll

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *aŋa- (“to loosen, open (up), untie”) [1] + -d (frequentative suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈold]
  • Audio(file)
  • Homophone: oldd
  • Rhymes: -old

Verb

old

  1. (transitive) to solve
  2. (transitive) to untie

Conjugation

conjugation of old
1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		Pre­sentIndef.oldokoldaszoldoldunkoldotokoldanak
Def.oldomoldodoldjaoldjukoldjátokoldják
2nd-p. o.oldalak―
PastIndef.oldottamoldottáloldottoldottunkoldottatokoldottak
Def.oldottamoldottadoldottaoldottukoldottátokoldották
2nd-p. o.oldottalak―
Condi­tional
mood		Pre­sentIndef.oldanékoldanáloldanaoldanánkoldanátokoldanának
Def.oldanámoldanádoldanáoldanánk
(or oldanók)		oldanátokoldanák
2nd-p. o.oldanálak―
Sub­junc­tive
mood		Pre­sentIndef.oldjakoldj or
oldjál		oldjonoldjunkoldjatokoldjanak
Def.oldjamoldd or
oldjad		oldjaoldjukoldjátokoldják
2nd-p. o.oldjalak―
Infinitiveoldanioldanomoldanodoldaniaoldanunkoldanotokoldaniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms		Verbal nounPresent participlePast participleFuture part.Adverbial part.Potential
oldásoldóoldottoldandóoldvaoldhat

Derived terms

  • oldat
  • oldatlan
  • oldható
  • oldoz
  • oldódik

(With verbal prefixes):

  • elold
  • felold
  • kiold
  • leold
  • megold
Expressions
  • kereket old

References

  1. Entry #16 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  2. old in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • old in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Middle Low German

Adjective

old

  1. Alternative spelling of ôlt.
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