ogopa

ogopa

Swahili

Etymology

From oga (“cowardly”).

Verb

-ogopa (infinitive kuogopa)

1. fear, be afraid

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ogopa
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kuogopa							kutoogopa
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					ogopa							ogopeni
Habitual					huogopa
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive niliogopa naliogopa tuliogopa twaliogopa uliogopa waliogopa mliogopa mwaliogopa aliogopa waliogopa uliogopa iliogopa liliogopa yaliogopa kiliogopa viliogopa iliogopa ziliogopa uliogopa kuliogopa paliogopa muliogopa Relative nilioogopa nalioogopa tulioogopa twalioogopa ulioogopa walioogopa mlioogopa mwalioogopa alioogopa walioogopa ulioogopa ilioogopa lilioogopa yalioogopa kilioogopa vilioogopa ilioogopa zilioogopa ulioogopa kulioogopa palioogopa mulioogopa Negative sikuogopa hatukuogopa hukuogopa hamkuogopa hakuogopa hawakuogopa haukuogopa haikuogopa halikuogopa hayakuogopa hakikuogopa havikuogopa haikuogopa hazikuogopa haukuogopa hakukuogopa hapakuogopa hamukuogopa
Present Positive ninaogopa naogopa tunaogopa unaogopa mnaogopa anaogopa wanaogopa unaogopa inaogopa linaogopa yanaogopa kinaogopa vinaogopa inaogopa zinaogopa unaogopa kunaogopa panaogopa munaogopa Relative ninaoogopa naoogopa tunaoogopa unaoogopa mnaoogopa anaoogopa wanaoogopa unaoogopa inaoogopa linaoogopa yanaoogopa kinaoogopa vinaoogopa inaoogopa zinaoogopa unaoogopa kunaoogopa panaoogopa munaoogopa Negative siogopi hatuogopi huogopi hamogopi haogopi hawaogopi hauogopi haiogopi haliogopi hayaogopi hakiogopi haviogopi haiogopi haziogopi hauogopi hakuogopi hapaogopi hamuogopi
Future Positive nitaogopa tutaogopa utaogopa mtaogopa ataogopa wataogopa utaogopa itaogopa litaogopa yataogopa kitaogopa vitaogopa itaogopa zitaogopa utaogopa kutaogopa pataogopa mutaogopa Relative nitakaoogopa tutakaoogopa utakaoogopa mtakaoogopa atakaoogopa watakaoogopa utakaoogopa itakaoogopa litakaoogopa yatakaoogopa kitakaoogopa vitakaoogopa itakaoogopa zitakaoogopa utakaoogopa kutakaoogopa patakaoogopa mutakaoogopa Negative sitaogopa hatutaogopa hutaogopa hamtaogopa hataogopa hawataogopa hautaogopa haitaogopa halitaogopa hayataogopa hakitaogopa havitaogopa haitaogopa hazitaogopa hautaogopa hakutaogopa hapataogopa hamutaogopa
Subjunctive Positive niogope tuogope uogope mogope aogope waogope uogope iogope liogope yaogope kiogope viogope iogope ziogope uogope kuogope paogope muogope Negative nisiogope tusiogope usiogope msiogope asiogope wasiogope usiogope isiogope lisiogope yasiogope kisiogope visiogope isiogope zisiogope usiogope kusiogope pasiogope musiogope
Present Conditional Positive ningeogopa tungeogopa ungeogopa mngeogopa angeogopa wangeogopa ungeogopa ingeogopa lingeogopa yangeogopa kingeogopa vingeogopa ingeogopa zingeogopa ungeogopa kungeogopa pangeogopa mungeogopa Negative nisingeogopa singeogopa tusingeogopa hatungeogopa usingeogopa hungeogopa msingeogopa hamngeogopa asingeogopa hangeogopa wasingeogopa hawangeogopa usingeogopa haungeogopa isingeogopa haingeogopa lisingeogopa halingeogopa yasingeogopa hayangeogopa kisingeogopa hakingeogopa visingeogopa havingeogopa isingeogopa haingeogopa zisingeogopa hazingeogopa usingeogopa haungeogopa kusingeogopa hakungeogopa pasingeogopa hapangeogopa musingeogopa hamungeogopa
Past Conditional Positive ningaliogopa tungaliogopa ungaliogopa mngaliogopa angaliogopa wangaliogopa ungaliogopa ingaliogopa lingaliogopa yangaliogopa kingaliogopa vingaliogopa ingaliogopa zingaliogopa ungaliogopa kungaliogopa pangaliogopa mungaliogopa Negative nisingaliogopa singaliogopa tusingaliogopa hatungaliogopa usingaliogopa hungaliogopa msingaliogopa hamngaliogopa asingaliogopa hangaliogopa wasingaliogopa hawangaliogopa usingaliogopa haungaliogopa isingaliogopa haingaliogopa lisingaliogopa halingaliogopa yasingaliogopa hayangaliogopa kisingaliogopa hakingaliogopa visingaliogopa havingaliogopa isingaliogopa haingaliogopa zisingaliogopa hazingaliogopa usingaliogopa haungaliogopa kusingaliogopa hakungaliogopa pasingaliogopa hapangaliogopa musingaliogopa hamungaliogopa
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningeliogopa tungeliogopa ungeliogopa mngeliogopa angeliogopa wangeliogopa ungeliogopa ingeliogopa lingeliogopa yangeliogopa kingeliogopa vingeliogopa ingeliogopa zingeliogopa ungeliogopa kungeliogopa pangeliogopa mungeliogopa
General Relative Positive niogopao tuogopao uogopao mogopao aogopao waogopao uogopao iogopao liogopao yaogopao kiogopao viogopao iogopao ziogopao uogopao kuogopao paogopao muogopao Negative nisioogopa tusioogopa usioogopa msioogopa asioogopa wasioogopa usioogopa isioogopa lisioogopa yasioogopa kisioogopa visioogopa isioogopa zisioogopa usioogopa kusioogopa pasioogopa musioogopa
Gnomic Positive naogopa twaogopa waogopa mwaogopa aogopa waogopa waogopa yaogopa laogopa yaogopa chaogopa vyaogopa yaogopa zaogopa waogopa kwaogopa paogopa mwaogopa
Perfect Positive nimeogopa tumeogopa umeogopa mmeogopa ameogopa wameogopa umeogopa imeogopa limeogopa yameogopa kimeogopa vimeogopa imeogopa zimeogopa umeogopa kumeogopa pameogopa mumeogopa
"Already" Positive nimeshaogopa tumeshaogopa umeshaogopa mmeshaogopa ameshaogopa wameshaogopa umeshaogopa imeshaogopa limeshaogopa yameshaogopa kimeshaogopa vimeshaogopa imeshaogopa zimeshaogopa umeshaogopa kumeshaogopa pameshaogopa mumeshaogopa
"Not yet" Negative sijaogopa hatujaogopa hujaogopa hamjaogopa hajaogopa hawajaogopa haujaogopa haijaogopa halijaogopa hayajaogopa hakijaogopa havijaogopa haijaogopa hazijaogopa haujaogopa hakujaogopa hapajaogopa hamujaogopa
"If/When" Positive nikiogopa tukiogopa ukiogopa mkiogopa akiogopa wakiogopa ukiogopa ikiogopa likiogopa yakiogopa kikiogopa vikiogopa ikiogopa zikiogopa ukiogopa kukiogopa pakiogopa mukiogopa
"If not" Negative nisipoogopa tusipoogopa usipoogopa msipoogopa asipoogopa wasipoogopa usipoogopa isipoogopa lisipoogopa yasipoogopa kisipoogopa visipoogopa isipoogopa zisipoogopa usipoogopa kusipoogopa pasipoogopa musipoogopa
Consecutive Positive nikaogopa tukaogopa ukaogopa mkaogopa akaogopa wakaogopa ukaogopa ikaogopa likaogopa yakaogopa kikaogopa vikaogopa ikaogopa zikaogopa ukaogopa kukaogopa pakaogopa mukaogopa
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Synonyms

• -hofu

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -ogopea
  • Causative: -ogofya (“frighten”), -ogofisha (“frighten”), -ogopesha (“frighten”)

Related terms

• woga

See also

• -cha