-oedd
See also: oedd and ödd
Welsh
Etymology
According to Pedersen and Jackson, from both Proto-Celtic *-eyes (the nominative plural of masculine and feminine i-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyes) and Proto-Celtic *-esa (the nominative/accusative plural of neuter s-stems, from Proto-Indo-European *-esh₂); for the development in the latter case compare oedd (“was”) from *esāt (Latin erat).[1][2]
According to Morris Jones, from both Proto-Celtic *-iyes (the same ending as Pedersen’s *-eyes) and *-iyoi (the nominative plural of masculine yo-stems) when the stress fell on the antepenult.[3]
According to Schrijver, from a Proto-Celtic *-es-ī that arose when certain neuter s-stems became masculine.[4]
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɔɨ̯ð/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɔi̯ð/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɔð/
Suffix
-oedd
- Pluralisation suffix
- llyfrgell (“library”) + -oedd → llyfrgelloedd (“libraries”)
- cwm (“valley”) + -oedd → cymoedd (“valleys”)
- cant (“hundred”) + -oedd → cannoedd (“hundreds”)
- Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -od, -on, -ydd, -yr, -ys
Derived terms
Welsh terms suffixed with -oedd
References
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 94–95
- Kenneth H. Jackson, Language and History in Early Britain, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 349–50.
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 203–5
- Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 393–99