odi

See also: Odi, ODI, Odi-, odî, òdi, óði, and øði

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin odium, possibly borrowed. Doublet of oi.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.di/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: o‧di

Noun

odi m (plural odis)

hatred

Related terms

odiar
odiós

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.di/
Rhymes: -ɔdi
Hyphenation: ò‧di

Noun

odi m pl

plural of odio

Noun

odi f pl

plural of ode

Verb

odi

inflection of udire:
1. second-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Verb

odi

inflection of odiare:
1. second-person singular present indicative
2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Dio, dio, iod

Latin

Alternative forms

(Late Latin, present tense) odiō
(Late Latin, perfect tense) ōdīvī

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ōdai, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈoː.diː/, [ˈoːd̪iː]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈo.di/, [ˈɔːd̪i]

Verb

ōdī (present infinitive ōdisse, future participle ōsūrus); fourth conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem except in the future active participle

to have an aversion towards, to hate, dislike
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 1.38.1–2:
  Persicōs ōdī, puer, apparātūs,
  displicent nexae philyrā corōnae.
  Translation by A.Z. Foreman
  My boy: I hate the filigree of Persia.
  Linden-sewn garlands chafe me with their glamor.
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus 20:5:
  Nōn adōrābis ea, neque colēs: ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zēlōtēs, vīsitāns inīquitātem patrum in fīliōs, in tertiam et quārtam generātiōnem eōrum quī ōdērunt mē.
  Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.
(with infinitive) to feel reluctant to, to hate to, to be loath to
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.16:
  Laetus in praesēns animus quod ultrā est
  ōderit cūrāre […]
  And let the mind that's happy in the moment
  'Bout that which lies before be loath to worry

Usage notes

Irregular for historical reasons as well as to avoid near-homophony (especially for non-urban speakers) with forms of audeō and audiō:

Used to express a stative meaning, inheriting the Proto-Indo-European usage. As a result, no usual aspectual distinction (imperfect-perfect) is possible.
The perfect tense expresses a present stative meaning. The pluperfect expresses a past stative meaning.
Perōsus and exōsus are used in place of present active participles; ōsus is archaic in this function.
To express the passive meaning, various expressions with odium are mainly used.

The form odīvī, Classically a solecism, is attested already by the end of the Republic in the past aoristic function; in Late Latin, the imperfect odiō becomes common (see it for details), supplementing ōdī in the present, while perōsus and exōsus acquire the passive meaning.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ōdī (fourth conjugation, no present stem, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only, perfect forms as present, pluperfect as imperfect, future perfect as future)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ōdī	ōdistī	ōdit	ōdimus	ōdistis	ōdērunt, ōdēre
	imperfect	ōderam	ōderās	ōderat	ōderāmus	ōderātis	ōderant
	future	ōderō	ōderis	ōderit	ōderimus	ōderitis	ōderint
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	ōderim	ōderīs	ōderit	ōderīmus	ōderītis	ōderint
active	imperfect	ōdissem	ōdissēs	ōdisset	ōdissēmus	ōdissētis	ōdissent
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ōdisse	—	ōsūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		—	—	ōsūrus	—	—	—

Derived terms

ōsus
ōsor
ōdibilis

Related terms

odiō
odium
odiōsē
odiōsus
perōsus
exōsus

Descendants

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *odiō
- Old Catalan: ujar
Borrowings:
- → Asturian: odiar
- → Catalan: odiar
- → Galician: odiar
- → Ido: odiar
- → Italian: odiare
- → Portuguese: odiar
- → Spanish: odiar
  - → Papiamentu: odia

References

“ōdī” on page 1364 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
Landgraf, Gustav (1884), “Das Defektivum 'odi' und sein Ersatz”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexicographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins‎

Latvian

Noun

odi m

nominative plural form of ods
vocative plural form of ods

Verb

odi

2nd person singular past indicative form of ost

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin odium.

Noun

odi

hatred

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþijaz.

Adjective

ōdi

empty, desolate, void

Descendants

Middle High German: öde
- German: öde, öd

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *auþī, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

Adjective

ōdi

easy, light

Derived terms

ōdlīhho (“easily”)

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English howdy.

Noun

odi

A greeting; good wishes, regards

Interjection

odi

greetings
- ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎, Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana:
  Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
  Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

Derived terms

odi-odiboroman

Volapük

Pronoun

odi

accusative singular of od

Welsh

Etymology

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pet-.

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɔdɪ/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈoːdi/, /ˈɔdi/
Rhymes: -ɔdi

Verb

odi (first-person singular present odaf)

(literary) to snow
Synonym: bwrw eira

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third	impersonal
present indicative/future	odaf	odi	od, oda	odwn	odwch	odant	odir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	odwn	odit	odai	odem	odech	odent	odid
preterite	odais	odaist	ododd	odasom	odasoch	odasant	odwyd
pluperfect	odaswn	odasit	odasai	odasem	odasech	odasent	odasid, odesid
present subjunctive	odwyf	odych	odo	odom	odoch	odont	oder
imperative	—	od, oda	oded	odwn	odwch	odent	oder
verbal noun	odi
verbal adjectives	odedig odadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
Inflected colloquial forms	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	oda i, odaf i	odi di	odith o/e/hi, odiff e/hi	odwn ni	odwch chi	odan nhw
conditional	odwn i, odswn i	odet ti, odset ti	odai fo/fe/hi, odsai fo/fe/hi	oden ni, odsen ni	odech chi, odsech chi	oden nhw, odsen nhw
preterite	odais i, odes i	odaist ti, odest ti	ododd o/e/hi	odon ni	odoch chi	odon nhw
imperative	—	oda	—	—	odwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
odi	unchanged	unchanged	hodi
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “odi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

odi

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Further reading

Italian

Pronunciation

Noun

Noun

Verb

Verb

Anagrams

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Further reading

Latvian

Noun

Verb

Lombard

Etymology

Noun

Old High German

Etymology 1

Adjective

Descendants

Etymology 2

Adjective

Derived terms

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Noun

Interjection

Derived terms

Volapük

Pronoun

Welsh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

References