october

See also: October

Dutch

Pronunciation

audio (file)

Noun

october m (plural octobers, diminutive octobertje n)

Superseded spelling of oktober.

Usage notes

The spelling october was deprecated in 1996 in the new Groene Boekje (“Little Green Book”) spelling reform.

Latin

Etymology

From octo (“eight”) + -ber from -bris, an adjectival suffix.

By analogy with september, as if octō (“eight”) : septem. In the Roman calendar, the year began with mārtius (“March”), and octōber was the eighth month of the year.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /okˈtoː.ber/, [ɔkˈt̪oːbɛr]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /okˈto.ber/, [okˈt̪ɔːber]

Adjective

octōber (feminine octōbris, neuter octōbre); third-declension three-termination adjective

of October
- 1st century CE — Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Re Rustica, Book XII
  Cum eius radicem mense octobri, quo[d] maxime matura est.

Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	octōber	octōbris	octōbre	octōbrēs	octōbria
Genitive	octōbris			octōbrium
Dative	octōbrī			octōbribus
Accusative	octōbrem		octōbre	octōbrēs	octōbria
Ablative	octōbrī			octōbribus
Vocative	octōber	octōbris	octōbre	octōbrēs	octōbria

Noun

octōber m (genitive octōbris); third declension

October
- 1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 293.
  Die tercio octubris — on the third day of October

Descendants

Gallo-Italic
- Emilian: otòber, utòber
- Ligurian: ottobre
- Lombard: utuber, utùer
- Piedmontese: octóber
Italo-Dalmatian
- Corsican: uttrovi, ottobre
- Italian: ottobre
- Neapolitan: ottómbre, attrufe
  Tarantino: ottommre
- Sicilian: uttùviru
- → Maltese: Ottubru
Gallo-Romance
- Old Francoprovençal: oitoiro, otoiro, oitembro
- Franco-Provençal: octoiro
- Old French: oitovre, uitovre, oituevre
- Old Occitan: ochoire, oitor, uidor
  - Old Catalan: vuitubri, uitubri
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulian: Otubar
- Ladin: otober, utober
- Romansch: october, otgover
Venetian: otobre
- → Cimbrian: otobre
West Iberian
- Extremaduran: outubri, otubri
- Aragonese: otubre
- Old Leonese:
  - Asturian: ochobre
  - Mirandese: Outubre
- Old Portuguese: oytubro, oitubro, oytubre, outubro
  - Galician: outubro
  - Portuguese: outubro (see there for further descendants)
- Old Spanish: ochubre
  - Ladino: ochobre

Borrowings

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀκτώβριος (Oktṓbrios), Ὀκτώμβριος (Oktṓmbrios)
- Byzantine Greek: Ὀκτώβριος (Oktṓbrios)
  - Greek: Οκτώβριος (Októvrios), Οκτώβρης (Októvris)
  - → Old East Slavic: октѧбрь (oktębrĭ)
    - Russian: октябрь (oktjabrʹ) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Romanian: octombrie
- → Old Armenian: հոկտեմբեր (hoktember), ոկտոբռ (oktobṙ), ոկտոմբր (oktombr)
  - Armenian: հոկտեմբեր (hoktember)
→ Middle High German: octōber
- Alemannic German: Oktoober
- Bavarian: Oktoba
- Cimbrian: oktòbar
- German: Oktober, October
  - → Estonian: oktoober
- Hunsrik: Oktover
- Kölsch: Oktoober
- Luxembourgish: Oktober
- Pennsylvania German: Oktower
- Yiddish: אָקטאָבער‎ (oktober)
Romance
- Aragonese: octubre (semi-learned)
- Catalan: octubre
- Ladino: oktubre (semi-learned)
- Occitan: octobre
- Old French: octobre
  - French: octobre
    - Guianese Creole: òktòb
    - Haitian Creole: oktòb
    - → Iranian Persian: اکتبر‎ (oktobr)
  - Norman:
    Cotentin: octobe
    Jersey: octobre
    Guernsey: octobre
    Sark: oktobr
  - Walloon: octôbe
  - → Middle English: October
    - English: October (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: October
- Spanish: octubre (semi-learned) (see there for further descendants)
→ Albanian: tetor (calque)
→ Cimbrian: achte maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.

Africa
- Northern and Horn
  - Amharic: ኦክተውበር (ʾoktäwbär)
  - Kabyle: tuber
  - Somali: Oktoobar
- Subsaharan
  - Ewe: Ɔktober
  - Malagasy: Oktobra
  - Tumbuka: okutobala
  - Wolof: Oktoobar
Americas
- Greenlandic: oktobari
- Inuktitut: ᐅᒃᑐᐳᕆ (oktopori)
Asia and Oceania
- Central and Western Asia
  - Arabic: أكتوبر‎ (ʾuktōbir,ʾuktōbar)
  - Georgian: ოქტომბერი (okṭomberi)
  - Hebrew: אוקטובר‎
- South Asia
  - Dhivehi: އޮކްޓޫބަރު‎ (ok̊ṭūbaru)
  - Kannada: ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ (akṭōbar)
  - Marathi: ऑक्टोबर (ŏkṭobar)
  - Oriya: ଅକ୍ଟୋବର (ôkṭobôrô)
  - Pashto: اکټوبر‎ (akṭóbár)
  - Sinhalese: ඔක්තෝබර් (oktōbar)
  - Telugu: అక్టోబరు (akṭōbaru)
- Southeast Asia and Oceania
  - Balinese: Oktober
  - Banjarese: Uktubir
  - Fijian: okotova
  - Gilbertese: Okitobwa
  - Gorontalo: Oktober
  - Gujarati: ઓક્ટોબર (okṭobar)
  - Javanese: Oktober
  - Minangkabau: Oktober
  - Samoan: oketopa
  - Sundanese: Oktober
  - Tahitian: ’ātopa
Europe
- Hungarian: október
- Baltic
  - Latvian: oktobris
  - Livonian: oktōbõr
- Germanic
  - Danish: oktober
  - Dutch: oktober
    - Afrikaans: Oktober
    - Negerhollands: october
    - → Caribbean Hindustani: aktobar
    - → Indonesian: Oktober
    - → Papiamentu: òktober
    - → Trió: akëtopë
  - Dutch Low Saxon: oktober
  - Faroese: oktober
  - German Low German: Oktober
  - Icelandic: október
  - Limburgish: óktoeaber
  - North Frisian: oktuuber, uktoober
  - Norwegian: oktober
  - Saterland Frisian: Oktober
  - Swedish: oktober
  - West Flemish: oktober
  - West Frisian: oktober
- Slavic
  - Bulgarian: октомври (oktomvri)
  - Lower Sorbian: oktober
  - Macedonian: октомври (oktomvri)
  - Rusyn: октобер (oktober)
  - Serbo-Croatian: oktobar / октобар
  - Slovak: október
  - Slovene: oktober
  - Upper Sorbian: oktober

References

“october”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Romansch

Alternative forms

otgover

Etymology

From Latin october (“of October”).

Proper noun

october m

October