obsideo
Latin
Etymology
From ob- (“before”) + sedeō (“I sit”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /obˈsi.de.oː/, [ɔpˈs̠ɪd̪eoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /obˈsi.de.o/, [obˈsiːd̪eo]
Verb
obsideō (present infinitive obsidēre, perfect active obsēdī, supine obsessum); second conjugation
- I sit, remain, abide, stay
- Synonyms: habitō, cōnsīdō, possideō, iaceō, resideō, subsīdō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō
- I frequent, haunt, inhabit
- (transitive, military) I besiege; hem in, beset, invest, blockade a place
- Synonyms: obsīdō, circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, claudō, assideō, circumsaepiō, obstruō, saepiō
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Daniel 1:1
- anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam
- In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
- anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam
- (transitive) I detain, hold captive
- I occupy, fill, possess
- Synonyms: obtineō, possideō, compleō, adipīscor, apprehendō, teneo, comprehendo, occupō, capio
- I watch closely; I am on the lookout for
Conjugation
| Conjugation of obsideō (second conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | obsideō | obsidēs | obsidet | obsidēmus | obsidētis | obsident |
| imperfect | obsidēbam | obsidēbās | obsidēbat | obsidēbāmus | obsidēbātis | obsidēbant | |
| future | obsidēbō | obsidēbis | obsidēbit | obsidēbimus | obsidēbitis | obsidēbunt | |
| perfect | obsēdī | obsēdistī | obsēdit | obsēdimus | obsēdistis | obsēdērunt, obsēdēre | |
| pluperfect | obsēderam | obsēderās | obsēderat | obsēderāmus | obsēderātis | obsēderant | |
| future perfect | obsēderō | obsēderis | obsēderit | obsēderimus | obsēderitis | obsēderint | |
| passive | present | obsideor | obsidēris, obsidēre | obsidētur | obsidēmur | obsidēminī | obsidentur |
| imperfect | obsidēbar | obsidēbāris, obsidēbāre | obsidēbātur | obsidēbāmur | obsidēbāminī | obsidēbantur | |
| future | obsidēbor | obsidēberis, obsidēbere | obsidēbitur | obsidēbimur | obsidēbiminī | obsidēbuntur | |
| perfect | obsessus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | obsessus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | obsessus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | obsideam | obsideās | obsideat | obsideāmus | obsideātis | obsideant |
| imperfect | obsidērem | obsidērēs | obsidēret | obsidērēmus | obsidērētis | obsidērent | |
| perfect | obsēderim | obsēderīs | obsēderit | obsēderīmus | obsēderītis | obsēderint | |
| pluperfect | obsēdissem | obsēdissēs | obsēdisset | obsēdissēmus | obsēdissētis | obsēdissent | |
| passive | present | obsidear | obsideāris, obsideāre | obsideātur | obsideāmur | obsideāminī | obsideantur |
| imperfect | obsidērer | obsidērēris, obsidērēre | obsidērētur | obsidērēmur | obsidērēminī | obsidērentur | |
| perfect | obsessus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | obsessus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | obsidē | — | — | obsidēte | — |
| future | — | obsidētō | obsidētō | — | obsidētōte | obsidentō | |
| passive | present | — | obsidēre | — | — | obsidēminī | — |
| future | — | obsidētor | obsidētor | — | — | obsidentor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | obsidēre | obsēdisse | obsessūrum esse | obsidērī | obsessum esse | obsessum īrī | |
| participles | obsidēns | — | obsessūrus | — | obsessus | obsidendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| obsidendī | obsidendō | obsidendum | obsidendō | obsessum | obsessū | ||
Derived terms
- obsidiō
- obsidiōnālis
- obsidior
- obsidium
Related terms
- assideō
- circumsedeō
- dēsideō
- dissideō
- īnsideō
- obsidātus
- persedeō
- possideō
- praesideō
- resideō
- sedeō
- supersedeō
Descendants
- English: obsess
- French: obséder
- Italian: ossedere
- Spanish: obseder
- Portuguese: obsediar
References
- “obsideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “obsideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- obsideo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidere
- (ambiguous) to give hostages: obsides dare
- (ambiguous) to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare
- (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidere