obscurecer
Portuguese
Etymology
From obscuro + -ecer. Doublet of escurecer.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /obs.ku.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [obs.ku.ɾeˈse(h)], /o.bis.ku.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [o.bis.ku.ɾeˈse(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /obs.ku.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/, /o.bis.ku.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /obʃ.ku.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [obʃ.ku.ɾeˈse(χ)], /o.biʃ.ku.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [o.biʃ.ku.ɾeˈse(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /obs.ku.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɔbʃ.ku.ɾɨˈseɾ/ [ɔβʃ.ku.ɾɨˈseɾ]
- Hyphenation: obs‧cu‧re‧cer
Verb
obscurecer (first-person singular present obscureço, first-person singular preterite obscureci, past participle obscurecido)
- (transitive) to obscure (to make obscure)
- (intransitive) to become obscure
Conjugation
Conjugation of obscurecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | obscurecer | |||||
| Personal | obscurecer | obscureceres | obscurecer | obscurecermos | obscurecerdes | obscurecerem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| obscurecendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | obscurecido | obscurecidos | ||||
| Feminine | obscurecida | obscurecidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | obscureço | obscureces | obscurece | obscurecemos | obscureceis | obscurecem |
| Imperfect | obscurecia | obscurecias | obscurecia | obscurecíamos | obscurecíeis | obscureciam |
| Preterite | obscureci | obscureceste | obscureceu | obscurecemos | obscurecestes | obscureceram |
| Pluperfect | obscurecera | obscureceras | obscurecera | obscurecêramos | obscurecêreis | obscureceram |
| Future | obscurecerei | obscurecerás | obscurecerá | obscureceremos | obscurecereis | obscurecerão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| obscureceria | obscurecerias | obscureceria | obscureceríamos | obscureceríeis | obscureceriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | obscureça | obscureças | obscureça | obscureçamos | obscureçais | obscureçam |
| Imperfect | obscurecesse | obscurecesses | obscurecesse | obscurecêssemos | obscurecêsseis | obscurecessem |
| Future | obscurecer | obscureceres | obscurecer | obscurecermos | obscurecerdes | obscurecerem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | obscurece | obscureça | obscureçamos | obscurecei | obscureçam | |
| Negative (não) | não obscureças | não obscureça | não obscureçamos | não obscureçais | não obscureçam | |
Derived terms
- obscurecimento
Spanish
Verb
obscurecer (first-person singular present obscurezco, first-person singular preterite obscurecí, past participle obscurecido)
- Archaic spelling of oscurecer.
Conjugation
Conjugation of obscurecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | obscurecer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | obscureciendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | obscurecido | obscurecida | |||||
| plural | obscurecidos | obscurecidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | obscurezco | obscurecestú obscurecésvos | obscurece | obscurecemos | obscurecéis | obscurecen | |
| imperfect | obscurecía | obscurecías | obscurecía | obscurecíamos | obscurecíais | obscurecían | |
| preterite | obscurecí | obscureciste | obscureció | obscurecimos | obscurecisteis | obscurecieron | |
| future | obscureceré | obscurecerás | obscurecerá | obscureceremos | obscureceréis | obscurecerán | |
| conditional | obscurecería | obscurecerías | obscurecería | obscureceríamos | obscureceríais | obscurecerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | obscurezca | obscurezcastú obscurezcásvos2 | obscurezca | obscurezcamos | obscurezcáis | obscurezcan | |
| imperfect (ra) | obscureciera | obscurecieras | obscureciera | obscureciéramos | obscurecierais | obscurecieran | |
| imperfect (se) | obscureciese | obscurecieses | obscureciese | obscureciésemos | obscurecieseis | obscureciesen | |
| future1 | obscureciere | obscurecieres | obscureciere | obscureciéremos | obscureciereis | obscurecieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | obscurecetú obscurecévos | obscurezca | obscurezcamos | obscureced | obscurezcan | ||
| negative | no obscurezcas | no obscurezca | no obscurezcamos | no obscurezcáis | no obscurezcan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of obscurecer (c-zc alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive obscurecer | |||||||
| dative | obscurecerme | obscurecerte | obscurecerle, obscurecerse | obscurecernos | obscureceros | obscurecerles, obscurecerse | |
| accusative | obscurecerme | obscurecerte | obscurecerlo, obscurecerla, obscurecerse | obscurecernos | obscureceros | obscurecerlos, obscurecerlas, obscurecerse | |
| with gerund obscureciendo | |||||||
| dative | obscureciéndome | obscureciéndote | obscureciéndole, obscureciéndose | obscureciéndonos | obscureciéndoos | obscureciéndoles, obscureciéndose | |
| accusative | obscureciéndome | obscureciéndote | obscureciéndolo, obscureciéndola, obscureciéndose | obscureciéndonos | obscureciéndoos | obscureciéndolos, obscureciéndolas, obscureciéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative obscurece | |||||||
| dative | obscuréceme | obscurécete | obscurécele | obscurécenos | not used | obscuréceles | |
| accusative | obscuréceme | obscurécete | obscurécelo, obscurécela | obscurécenos | not used | obscurécelos, obscurécelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative obscurecé | |||||||
| dative | obscureceme | obscurecete | obscurecele | obscurecenos | not used | obscureceles | |
| accusative | obscureceme | obscurecete | obscurecelo, obscurecela | obscurecenos | not used | obscurecelos, obscurecelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative obscurezca | |||||||
| dative | obscurézcame | not used | obscurézcale, obscurézcase | obscurézcanos | not used | obscurézcales | |
| accusative | obscurézcame | not used | obscurézcalo, obscurézcala, obscurézcase | obscurézcanos | not used | obscurézcalos, obscurézcalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative obscurezcamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | obscurezcámoste | obscurezcámosle | obscurezcámonos | obscurezcámoos | obscurezcámosles | |
| accusative | not used | obscurezcámoste | obscurezcámoslo, obscurezcámosla | obscurezcámonos | obscurezcámoos | obscurezcámoslos, obscurezcámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative obscureced | |||||||
| dative | obscurecedme | not used | obscurecedle | obscurecednos | obscureceos | obscurecedles | |
| accusative | obscurecedme | not used | obscurecedlo, obscurecedla | obscurecednos | obscureceos | obscurecedlos, obscurecedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative obscurezcan | |||||||
| dative | obscurézcanme | not used | obscurézcanle | obscurézcannos | not used | obscurézcanles, obscurézcanse | |
| accusative | obscurézcanme | not used | obscurézcanlo, obscurézcanla | obscurézcannos | not used | obscurézcanlos, obscurézcanlas, obscurézcanse | |
Further reading
- “obscurecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014