o-

o-

See also: о- and Appendix:Variations of "o"

English

Noun

o-

1. A blood type that has no antigens. It lacks the A, B and Rh factors on the blood cells. It is the universal donor for blood and can give blood to any blood type, but can only receive O- blood.

Prefix

o-

1. (organic chemistry) ortho-

See also

• m-
• p-

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Basque

Alternative forms

• ot-

Prefix

o-

1. combining form of ogi (“bread”)

Usage notes

• If the following element of the compound starts with /b/ or /ɡ/, these are devoiced to /p/ and /k/ respectively.
• If the following element starts with a vowel, /s̺/ or /s̻/, the combining form ot- is used instead.

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Bavarian

Alternative forms

• å- (East Central Bavaria)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oː/ (West Central Bavaria)

Prefix

o-

1. Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.

   ‎o- + ‎schraufn (“to screw”) → ‎oschraufn (“to screw on”)

   ‎o- + ‎greifn (“to grab, seize”) → ‎ogreifn (“to touch, handle”)

   ‎o- + ‎brenna (“to burn”) → ‎obrenna (“to scorch”)

Derived terms

Bavarian terms prefixed with o-

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Cayuga

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

Frances Froman; Alfred J. Keye; Lottie Keye; Carrie Dyck (2002) English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page 705

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Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Prefix

o-

1. around, all around
2. A complete action, a perfective verb
3. Something else.

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with o-

• obalamutit
• obalit
• obrat
• obrátit
• ocenit
• očekávat
• odrat
• odrbat
• odřít
• ohanbí
• ohlédnout
• ohnout
• ohodnotit
• ohradit
• ochabnout
• oklamat
• okleštit
• okopat
• okorat
• okovat
• okrást
• omastit
• omladit
• omluvit
• omotat
• omýt
• opracovat
• opravit
• oprášit
• opsat
• osamělý
• osamět
• osedlat
• osekat
• osvítit
• osvobodit
• osvojit
• osypat
• ošetřit
• ošidit
• oškubat
• otočit
• otrávit
• ovládat
• ozářit
• označit
• oznámit
• ozřejmit

 

Further reading

• o-/ob(e)- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

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Japanese

Romanization

o-

1. Rōmaji transcription of お

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Lakota

Prefix

o-

1. Forms nouns from some verbs.

   ‎o- + ‎wótA (“to eat”) → ‎owóte (“dining room”)

   ‎o- + ‎yuŋkÁ (“to lie, recline”) → ‎oyúŋke (“a bed”)

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Maquiritari

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o-]

Prefix

o-

1. allomorph of öt- (detransitivizing prefix).
2. Allomorph of ö- (second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel o or u.

Inflection

Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-, ch-, ∅-, i-			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

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Mohawk

Etymology

io- with loss of initial glide

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix
2. her (in kinship terms)

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

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Ojibwe

Prefix

o-

1. A prefix denoting the third person

Usage notes

o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.

Alternative forms

• od-
• odo-
• ow-
• oy-
• w-

See also

• wiin
• wiinawaa

Ojibwe personal prefixes

		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
Vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-
		ii			w-

Preverb

o-

1. go somewhere to do something, go over there to

   Mii go imaa ziigigamideg, mii imaa o-gondaabiiginag zhingobaandag.

   If it boiled over, I dipped the bough in the kettle.

Alternative forms

• awi-

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/o-pv-dir

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Old Polish

Etymology

Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Prefix

o-

1. Appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

   ‎o- + ‎pozdny → ‎opóździć

2. around

   ‎o- + ‎kropić → ‎okropić

3. Prefix indicating a perfective verb

   ‎o- + ‎soczyć → ‎osoczyć

Derived terms

Old Polish terms prefixed with o-

Descendants

• Polish: o-

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Onondaga

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

• Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 284

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Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

1. Prefix indicating a perfective verb

   ‎o- + ‎słabnąć → ‎osłabnąć

2. Affects verb meaning in various ways

   ‎o- + ‎strzec → ‎ostrzec

3. Appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

   ‎o- + ‎trzeźwy → ‎otrzeźwić

   Synonym: u-

4. around

   ‎o- + ‎winąć → ‎owinąć

   Synonym: ob-

5. down

   ‎o- + ‎suwać → ‎osuwać

   ‎o- + ‎puścić → ‎opuścić

   Synonym: z-

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with o-

Further reading

• o- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• o- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Seneca

Prefix

o-

1. noun prefix

References

• Wallace Chafe (2014) A Grammar of the Seneca Language, University of California Press, page 86

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *o(b)-. Prefixed form of the preposition o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ-/

Prefix

o-

1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
   1. (no change in meaning)

      ‎o- + ‎čístiti (“to clean”) → ‎očístiti (“to clean”)

   2. around, past, avoiding

      ‎o- + ‎čŕtati (“to draw”) → ‎očŕtati (“to outline”)

      ‎o- + ‎īti (“to go”) → ‎obíti (“to go around, to bypass”)

   3. to stay, to remain

      ‎o- + ‎sedẹ́ti (“to sit”) → ‎obsedẹ́ti (“to stay sitting”)

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with o-

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Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish ō-, from Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- whence also Greek α- (a-) and English un-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²uː/

Prefix

o-

1. Added to adjectives to yield their opposites; un-
2. Added to nouns to mean lack or being without

Derived terms

Swedish terms prefixed with o-

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Taos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɑ/

Prefix

o-

1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person singular object.

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Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

Pronoun

o- (Jawi ؤ-‎)

1. (masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

See also

Ternate personal pronouns

	independent			subject proclitic		possessive
	Informal	Formal
1st person singular	ngori	fangarem, fajaruf		to		ri
2nd person singular	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni		no		ni
3rd person singular	unam, minaf			om, mof, inh		im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive	ngone			fo		na, nga
1st person plural exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1		mi		mi, mia
2nd person plural	ngoni			ni		na, nia
3rd person plural	anah, enanh			ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †		nah, ngah, manh

• unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
• m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
• 1 - for mixed-gender groups
• † - archaic

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

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Volapük

Prefix

o-

1. denotes future tense in verbs and adverbs

   ‎o- + ‎penob (“I write.”) → ‎openob (“I will write.”)

   ‎o- + ‎adelo (“today”) → ‎odelo (“tomorrow”)

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ/

Prefix

o-

1. Soft mutation of go-.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
go-	o-	ngo-	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

o-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

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Zulu

Etymology 1

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“second person singular”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 1”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

From a- (“augment”) +‎ bo- (“class 2a”).

Prefix

ô-

1. Class 2a noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From a- (“relative”) +‎ u- (“class 3”).

Prefix

ṓ-

1. Class 3 relative concord.

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o-”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o- (8)”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o- (3)”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “o-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “o-”