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单词 north
释义

north

See also: North and norþ

English

North.

Etymology

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord, all from a Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, and cognate with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”). Ultimately, these may derive from either: (a) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (“inner, under”), from *h₁en (“in”); (b) alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“left, below”), as north is to the left when one faces the rising sun.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /nɔːθ/
    Audio (UK)(file)
  • (General American) enPR: nôrth, IPA(key): /noɹθ/, [no̞ɹθ]
    Audio (US)(file)
    • (NYC) IPA(key): /nɔəθ/
  • (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /noːθ/
  • (without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA(key): /nɔː(ɹ)θ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)θ

Noun

north (countable and uncountable, plural norths)

  1. One of the four principal compass points, specifically 0° (being directed towards the North Pole); conventionally upwards on a map.
    Alternative form: (abbreviation) N
    Minnesota is in the north of the USA.
  2. The up or positive direction.
    Stock prices are heading back towards the north.
  3. (physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).
  4. Alternative letter-case form of North (“a northern region; the inhabitants thereof”). [circa 1300]
    • 2002, Mats Lundahl, Politics or Markets?: Essays on Haitian Underdevelopment, Routledge, →ISBN:
      […] and after independence the north clung to sugar production longer than the south, with the result that when the north took […]
  5. (ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar.
    • 1998, Leonel L. Mitchell, Pastoral and Occasional Liturgies: A Ceremonial Guide, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 49:
      If candidates stand on the liturgical south facing the presider and liturgical assistants on the liturgical north, it will present better visual lines for the congregation than if they stand facing east and west with their backs toward the congregation.
    • 2011, Paul Turner, At the Supper of the Lamb: A Pastoral and Theological Commentary on the Mass, LiturgyTrainingPublications, →ISBN, page 27:
      Many early Christian basilicas were designed with twin ambos for the proclamation of the epistle (on the liturgical south side) and the Gospel (on the north). The separation of the ambos indicated the distinction that should be accorded the Gospel, which was proclaimed from the north as if evangelization needed to happen to the geographically southern part of the world.
    • 2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:
      At St. Andrew's, ecclesiastical north, south, east, and west correspond to geographical northeast, southwest, southeast, and northwest.
    • 2017, Cameron Macdonell, Ghost Storeys: Ralph Adams Cram, Modern Gothic Media, and Deconstructive Microhistory at a Canadian Church, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, →ISBN:
      The new St Mary's Anglican Church, Walkerville, has an attached rectory flanking to the liturgical south and an attached parish hall flanking to the liturgical north, both half-timbered in the Tudor Revival style. [Referring to a church that is oriented SSE, making "south" WSW]

Antonyms

  • south

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

northwestnorthnortheast
westeast
southwestsouthsoutheast

Derived terms

Terms derived from north (noun)
  • grid north
  • magnetic north
  • northbound
  • north by east
  • north by west
  • northeast
  • northerly
  • northern
  • northerner
  • northing
  • north-northeast
  • north-northwest
  • north of the border
  • northpaw
  • north side
  • northward
  • northwardly
  • northwards
  • northwest
  • northwesterly
  • north-westerly
  • true north
  • Norse

Translations

Also see Appendix:Cardinal directions for translations of all compass points

Adjective

north (not comparable)

  1. Of or pertaining to the north; northern.
    He lived in north Germany.
    She entered through the north gate.
  2. Toward the north; northward.
    • 1987, Ana María Brull Vázquez, Rosa E. Casas, Cuba, page 23:
      The most dangerous ones are those that develop during October and November and that follow a north path affecting the western part of the island.
  3. (meteorology) Of wind, from the north.
    The north wind was cold.
  4. Pertaining to the part of a corridor used by northbound traffic.
    north highway 1
    • 2001, Joseph R Miller, Pipe Tobacco and Wool:
      Traffic was doing the speed limit on North I-45 one minute and had come to a stand-still the next.
  5. (ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical north (in a church, the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar).
    • 2011, Michael Attridge; Catherine E. Clifford; Gilles Routhier, Vatican II: Expériences canadiennes – Canadian experiences, University of Ottawa Press, →ISBN, page 145:
      […] the high church had liked its clergy to preside at the Eucharist in an ad orientem position; the low church advocated what was called the north end position; but the Liturgical Movement asked the priest to take a basilical position, facing liturgical west, and now both Anglican factions could agree on this third position without either of them losing face.
    • 2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:
      Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, […] The north side faces the river (beyond the subdivision behind the church), and the south side, Ashley River Road. […] At St. Andrew's, ecclesiastical north, south, east, and west correspond to geographical northeast, southwest, southeast, and northwest. Unless otherwise indicated, compass directions given in this book are ecclesiastical, not geographical, reference points.
  6. (colloquial) More or greater than.
    The wedding ended up costing north of $50,000.
    • 1993, Barbarians at the Gate, spoken by Charlie Hugel (Tom Aldredge):
      The price you're offering had better be north of the highest price this company has ever traded for.
    • 2021 December 1, The Road Ahead, page 57, column 2:
      Some of the windscreens we replace cost north of $1800[.]

Synonyms

  • (of the north): boreal

Antonyms

  • south

Derived terms

Terms derived from north (adjective)
  • Bath and North East Somerset
  • Camp Pendleton North
  • Great North Road
  • Havelock North
  • Mandeville North
  • Matabeleland North
  • North Acton
  • North Ayrshire
  • North Barrow
  • North Bay
  • North Bend
  • North Berwick
  • North Blyth
  • North Branch
  • North Camp
  • North Cape
  • North Cheam
  • North Col
  • North Curry
  • North Devon
  • North Dorset
  • North Downs
  • North Dundas
  • North East Derbyshire
  • North East Lincolnshire
  • North Elmham
  • North Elmsall
  • North End
  • North Esk
  • North Fambridge
  • North Ferriby
  • north forty
  • North Glengarry
  • North Greenwich
  • North Harrow
  • North Haverhill
  • North Hero
  • North Hertfordshire
  • North Hill
  • North Hills
  • North Hinksey
  • North Huish
  • North Huron
  • North Hykeham
  • North Island
  • North Kensington
  • North Kesteven
  • North Lanarkshire
  • northland, Northland
  • North Leith
  • North Leverton with Habblesthorpe
  • North Lincolnshire
  • North Luffenham
  • North Macedonia
  • North Melbourne
  • North Meols
  • North Middlesex
  • North Muskham
  • North Mymms
  • North Newnton
  • North Norfolk
  • North Northamptonshire
  • North Petherton
  • North Philadelphia
  • North Platte
  • North Poorton
  • North Queensferry
  • North Rode
  • North Sea
  • North Seaton
  • North Sheen
  • North Shields
  • North Shore
  • North Slope Borough
  • North Stoneham
  • North Sunderland
  • North Sydney
  • North Tawton
  • North Thoresby
  • North Tyneside
  • North Vancouver
  • North Vernon
  • North Walbottle
  • North Walsham
  • North Warnborough
  • North Warwickshire
  • North Weald, North Weald Bassett
  • North Wembley
  • North Woods
  • North Woolwich
  • North Wraxall
  • North York
  • North Yorkshire
  • Palmerston North
  • Waimate North

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

north (not comparable)

  1. Toward the north; northward; northerly.
    Switzerland is north of Italy.
    We headed north.

Antonyms

  • south

Translations

Verb

north (third-person singular simple present norths, present participle northing, simple past and past participle northed)

  1. (obsolete, intransitive) To turn or move toward the north.
    • 1769, Henry Wilson, William Hume, Surveying improved (page 239)
      When at B you had northed 3.71 […]

Anagrams

  • Rt Hon, Rt. Hon., Thorn, thorn

Cornish

Alternative forms

  • (Revived Late Cornish) noor

Etymology

From English north.

Noun

north m

  1. north

Synonyms

  • kledhbarth

Antonyms

  • dyghowbarth
  • soth

Derived terms

  • north-est (“north-east”)
  • north-west (“north-west”)
  • Penn-Aghel an North (“North Pole”)

Middle English

Alternative forms

  • norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ

Etymology

From Old English norþ, in turn from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /nɔrθ/

Noun

north

  1. north, northernness
  2. A location to the north; the north
  3. The north wind

Coordinate terms

  • (compass point): est, south, west
  • northerne
  • Northfolk
  • Northumberlond
  • Northumbre

Descendants

  • English: north
  • Scots: north
  • Yola: nordh, noardth

References

  • “north, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adjective

north

  1. north, northern
  2. At the north

Descendants

  • English: north
  • Scots: north
  • Yola: nordh

References

  • “north, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adverb

north

  1. To the north, northwards
  2. From the north
  3. In the north

Descendants

  • English: north
  • Scots: north
  • Yola: nordh

References

  • “north, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.
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