nirhata
Finnish
Etymology
According to SSA, of sound-symbolic origin and comparable to nyrhi and närhiä (“to cut away with a blunt tool, little by little”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnirhɑtɑˣ/, [ˈnirhɑt̪ɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -irhɑtɑ
- Syllabification(key): nir‧ha‧ta
Verb
nirhata
- to cut away a little piece of something, such as with a blunt tool
- to cut something tediously, little by little
- Vanki nirhasi kalterin poikki kynsiviilalla.
- The prisoner cut the bars with a nailfile.
- (colloquial) to kill
Conjugation
| Inflection of nirhata (Kotus type 73/salata, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | nirhaan | en nirhaa | 1st sing. | olen nirhannut | en ole nirhannut | |
| 2nd sing. | nirhaat | et nirhaa | 2nd sing. | olet nirhannut | et ole nirhannut | |
| 3rd sing. | nirhaa | ei nirhaa | 3rd sing. | on nirhannut | ei ole nirhannut | |
| 1st plur. | nirhaamme | emme nirhaa | 1st plur. | olemme nirhanneet | emme ole nirhanneet | |
| 2nd plur. | nirhaatte | ette nirhaa | 2nd plur. | olette nirhanneet | ette ole nirhanneet | |
| 3rd plur. | nirhaavat | eivät nirhaa | 3rd plur. | ovat nirhanneet | eivät ole nirhanneet | |
| passive | nirhataan | ei nirhata | passive | on nirhattu | ei ole nirhattu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | nirhasin | en nirhannut | 1st sing. | olin nirhannut | en ollut nirhannut | |
| 2nd sing. | nirhasit | et nirhannut | 2nd sing. | olit nirhannut | et ollut nirhannut | |
| 3rd sing. | nirhasi | ei nirhannut | 3rd sing. | oli nirhannut | ei ollut nirhannut | |
| 1st plur. | nirhasimme | emme nirhanneet | 1st plur. | olimme nirhanneet | emme olleet nirhanneet | |
| 2nd plur. | nirhasitte | ette nirhanneet | 2nd plur. | olitte nirhanneet | ette olleet nirhanneet | |
| 3rd plur. | nirhasivat | eivät nirhanneet | 3rd plur. | olivat nirhanneet | eivät olleet nirhanneet | |
| passive | nirhattiin | ei nirhattu | passive | oli nirhattu | ei ollut nirhattu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | nirhaisin | en nirhaisi | 1st sing. | olisin nirhannut | en olisi nirhannut | |
| 2nd sing. | nirhaisit | et nirhaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit nirhannut | et olisi nirhannut | |
| 3rd sing. | nirhaisi | ei nirhaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi nirhannut | ei olisi nirhannut | |
| 1st plur. | nirhaisimme | emme nirhaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme nirhanneet | emme olisi nirhanneet | |
| 2nd plur. | nirhaisitte | ette nirhaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte nirhanneet | ette olisi nirhanneet | |
| 3rd plur. | nirhaisivat | eivät nirhaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat nirhanneet | eivät olisi nirhanneet | |
| passive | nirhattaisiin | ei nirhattaisi | passive | olisi nirhattu | ei olisi nirhattu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | nirhaa | älä nirhaa | 2nd sing. | ole nirhannut | älä ole nirhannut | |
| 3rd sing. | nirhatkoon | älköön nirhatko | 3rd sing. | olkoon nirhannut | älköön olko nirhannut | |
| 1st plur. | nirhatkaamme | älkäämme nirhatko | 1st plur. | olkaamme nirhanneet | älkäämme olko nirhanneet | |
| 2nd plur. | nirhatkaa | älkää nirhatko | 2nd plur. | olkaa nirhanneet | älkää olko nirhanneet | |
| 3rd plur. | nirhatkoot | älkööt nirhatko | 3rd plur. | olkoot nirhanneet | älkööt olko nirhanneet | |
| passive | nirhattakoon | älköön nirhattako | passive | olkoon nirhattu | älköön olko nirhattu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | nirhannen | en nirhanne | 1st sing. | lienen nirhannut | en liene nirhannut | |
| 2nd sing. | nirhannet | et nirhanne | 2nd sing. | lienet nirhannut | et liene nirhannut | |
| 3rd sing. | nirhannee | ei nirhanne | 3rd sing. | lienee nirhannut | ei liene nirhannut | |
| 1st plur. | nirhannemme | emme nirhanne | 1st plur. | lienemme nirhanneet | emme liene nirhanneet | |
| 2nd plur. | nirhannette | ette nirhanne | 2nd plur. | lienette nirhanneet | ette liene nirhanneet | |
| 3rd plur. | nirhannevat | eivät nirhanne | 3rd plur. | lienevät nirhanneet | eivät liene nirhanneet | |
| passive | nirhattaneen | ei nirhattane | passive | lienee nirhattu | ei liene nirhattu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | nirhata | present | nirhaava | nirhattava | ||
| long 1st2 | nirhatakseen | past | nirhannut | nirhattu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | nirhatessa | nirhattaessa | agent1, 3 | nirhaama | |
| instructive | nirhaten | — | negative | nirhaamaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | nirhaamassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | nirhaamasta | — | ||||
| illative | nirhaamaan | — | ||||
| adessive | nirhaamalla | — | ||||
| abessive | nirhaamatta | — | ||||
| instructive | nirhaaman | nirhattaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | nirhaaminen | ||||
| partitive | nirhaamista | |||||
| 5th2 | nirhaamaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- nirhaista
References
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Anagrams
- hartian, rahinat