-NIID
Navajo
Etymology 1
From Proto-Athabaskan *ni (“to feel, to think, to want, to wish”). Relates to the mind.
Cognate root found in Ahtna uniʼoʼolnii (“I am attracted to her”), Tanacross shiiníʼ (“my mind”).
-NIID shares many stems with the roots -NÍÍD, -NIIʼ, -NÍÍʼ, -NÍÍD, -NIʼ, -NÍ, -NIH, -NIIH ~ -LĮH and -NEʼ, each of these being themselves a conflation of several originally distinct roots with at times overlapping meanings, which makes their actual identification often speculative.
Root
-NIID
- to want, to love, to have in mind
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O + yíní + d | S wants, loves O
| ||||||
ni + l | S wants, desires P
| ||||||
yí + di + l | S is addicted
| ||||||
d | S changes his/her mind
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -niił |
NEUT | -ní | - | - | - | - |
NEUT | - | -niʼ | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
to want:
- -ZĮĮD
to think:
- -KÉÉZ
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (desire)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Athabaskan *də-ni (“to say”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna desnii (“I say”), sełnii (“he says to me”), Carrier hotni (“it is said”).
Root
-NIID
- to say
Theme | Category | Bases | Indirect transitive (+ Pi) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
di + Ø | S says [I say]
| S says [I say] to P
| |||||
di + ł | S imitates the sound of P
|
Usage notes
- As in all Athabaskan languages, the thematic di- prefix deletes in the third person, and the pronominal P-i prefix is replaced with P-ił.
- dishní, bidishní ― I say, I say to him
- ní, shiłní ― he says, he says to me
- Most of the above neuter verbs have a matching active verb conjugated in the momentaneous aspect, mainly suppleting for the modes other than the imperfective.
- Neuter / Imperfective / Perfective / Future
- ní / niih / dííniid / didooniił
- ání / ániih / ádííniid / ádidooniił,...
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -neʼ |
NEUT | -ní | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
to tell, to speak:
- -NEʼ
- -TIʼ
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (say)
Root
-NIID
- to be new, fresh, young, recent
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ø | S is new
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NEUT | - | -niid | - | - | - |
NEUT | - | -nííd | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (new)
Etymology 4
From Proto-Athabaskan *ni ~ *ni̓gʸ (“to be joyful”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna neniic (“happiness”), Carrier honəsni (“to be joyful”).
Root
-NIID
- there is fun, joy
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ni + Ø | there is fun
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -niih | -niih |
NEUT | -ni | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (enjoy)
Root
-NIID
- to affect, to be the solution for, to cure
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
di + ł | S affects P, cures P
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -niih | -niid | -niił | -nih | -niiʼ |
NEUT | -ní | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -NIID (affect)