niger
See also: Niger, Níger, and nigger
English
niger, Guizotia abyssinica
Etymology
From the name of the Niger River, from Latin Nigris. See further etymology at Niger.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnaɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/
Noun
niger (uncountable)
- An Ethiopian herb, Guizotia abyssinica, grown for its seed and edible oil.
- Synonyms: noog, noug, nug
References
- “Niger, n.2.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2003.
Anagrams
- Grein, Negri, Reign, nigre, re-nig, reign, renig, ringe
Latin
Etymology
Uncertain origin,[1] but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) if this root is assumed also to be the source of *nókʷts (“night”) (Latin nox), thus “black” would attest the intermediate meaning between “bare” and “night”.[2] Cognate of Umbrian niru (accusative case) possibly "dark, black".[3]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈni.ɡer/, [ˈnɪɡɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈni.d͡ʒer/, [ˈniːd͡ʒer]
Adjective
niger (feminine nigra, neuter nigrum, superlative nigerrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
- wan, shining black (as opposed to āter, dull black)
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:niger.
- Nigrum in candida vertere.
- To turn black into white.
- bad; evil; ill-omened
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | niger | nigra | nigrum | nigrī | nigrae | nigra | |
| Genitive | nigrī | nigrae | nigrī | nigrōrum | nigrārum | nigrōrum | |
| Dative | nigrō | nigrō | nigrīs | ||||
| Accusative | nigrum | nigram | nigrum | nigrōs | nigrās | nigra | |
| Ablative | nigrō | nigrā | nigrō | nigrīs | |||
| Vocative | niger | nigra | nigrum | nigrī | nigrae | nigra | |
Synonyms
- (black): fuscus
Antonyms
- (shining white): candidus
Derived terms
- nigellus
- nigritia
- subniger
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: negru, negur, neguru
- Istro-Romanian: negru
- Megleno-Romanian: negru
- Romanian: negru
- Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: negru, neru
- Italian: negro, nero
- Neapolitan: niro
- Sicilian: nìuru, nigru, niru, nìvuru
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: naigher
- Ligurian: neigro
- Lombard: negar, negher
- Piedmontese: neir, négher
- Romagnol: négar, nìgar
- Friulian: neri
- Istriot: nìgro, nìgaro
- Ladin: neigher
- Romansch: nair, neir, ner, negher
- Venetian: nero
- → Dalmatian: niar
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: nêr
- Old French: noir, neir
- Middle French: noir (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: nièr, né; naer; nei
- Walloon: noer
- Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: negre
- → Aragonese: negre
- Gascon: nere
- Old Occitan: negre, ner, neir
- Occitan: negre, ner, nèir
- Catalan: negre
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: negro
- Old Leonese: [Term?]
- Asturian: negru, ñegru, nigru, ñiegru
- Extremaduran: negru
- Leonese: negru
- Mirandese: negro
- Old Portuguese: negro
- Galician: negro
- Portuguese: negro
- Papiamentu: negru
- Spanish: negro (see there for further descendants)
- Borrowings:
- → Ido: nigra
- → Interlingua: nigre
See also
| candidus, albus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus | rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (ML. or NL.) | āter, niger, piceus |
| pūniceus, murrinus, rūfus, ruber, russus, rūbrīcus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius | rutilus, armeniacus, auranteus, aurantiacus; fuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx | gilvus, helvus, fulvus, flāvus, croceus, pallidus, lūteus, blondinus (ML.) |
| galbus, galbinus, lūridus | viridis | prasinus |
| cȳaneus | caeruleus, azurīnus (ML.), blavus (ML.) | glaucus; līvidus; venetus |
| violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.) | ostrīnus, amethystīnus | purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus |
References
- Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008-), “*/ˈnɪɡr-u/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Watkins, Calvert, ed., The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.
- Robert Planta 2011, Grammatik der Oskisch-Umbrischen Dialekts.
Further reading
- “niger”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “niger”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- niger in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- “niger”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “niger”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From English nigger.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nîɡer/
- Hyphenation: ni‧ger
Noun
nȉger m (Cyrillic spelling ни̏гер)
- (slang, derogatory) nigger
Declension
Declension of niger
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | niger | nigeri |
| genitive | nigera | nigera |
| dative | nigeru | nigerima |
| accusative | niger | nigere |
| vocative | nigere | nigeri |
| locative | nigeru | nigerima |
| instrumental | nigerem | nigerima |
Synonyms
- cr̀nac
References
- “niger” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Swedish
Verb
niger
- present of niga
Anagrams
- Inger, inger, regin, ringe