nf
See also: .nf, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF, 5NF, 6NF, NF, Nf., nF, and nf3
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /nɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: nef
Pronoun
|
distal demonstrative pronoun
- that
Usage notes
This demonstrative is a pronoun, and so does not directly modify nouns. In Middle Egyptian it becomes used as a demonstrative for plural nouns in place of the old adjectives jpf and jptf. When used in this way, it precedes the noun, with the genitival adjective n(j) in between, e.g. "those feet" is nf n(j) rdw (literally "that of feet").
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative pronoun nn, in which nf is distal.
There is a more colloquial variant: nfꜣ.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn | tn, jtn | jpnj | jptnj | jpn | jptn | nn | — |
distal | pf | tf | jpfj | jptfj | jpf | jptf | nf | — |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p | tj, tw, jtw | jpwj | jptwj | jpw | jptw | nw | — |
vocative | pꜣ | tꜣ | — | — | — | — | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | plural1 | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |||
proximal | pn | tn | nn | ꜥn | ||
distal | pf, pfꜣ | tf, tfꜣ | nf, nfꜣ | ꜥf | ||
‘copula’; vocative | pw, pwy | tw, twy | nw | — | ||
anaphoric | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ||
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw | dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj | tꜣj | nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy | tꜣy | nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ | t-nt, tꜣ | nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 | nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Noun
|
m
- wrong, wrongdoing
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 218 page 54, 218.
- Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN