-nen
See also: nen
Finnish
Suffix
-nen
- Forms diminutives nouns or terms expressing affection.
- lapsi (“child”) + -nen → lapsonen (“kid”)
- pala (“piece”) + -nen → palanen (“small piece”)
- kulta (“gold, dear”) + -nen → kultanen (“darling”)
- tuuli (“wind”) + -nen → tuulonen (“gentle wind, breeze”)
- Ukko (“the God of Thunder”) + -nen → ukkonen (“thunder”)
- Forms surnames of association, by now devoid of meaning.
- virta (“river”) + -nen → Virtanen
Usage notes
- Surnames ending in -nen were first recorded in Savo and Karelia in early 16th century, with -nen affixed to nicknames (Korhonen) and vernacular forms of given names (Heikkinen). In the 19th century surnames were required of all Finns, and many new names were created by adding -nen to topographic terms (Ahonen) and to words describing natural phenomena (Aaltonen).
- 38% of Finns had a surname ending in -nen in 1985.
- Should not be confused with -inen with which it may be conflated in colloquial speech and some dialects. For example, keltanen may appear to be kelta + -nen, but is actually a colloquial form of keltainen, itself kelta + -inen.
Declension
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -nen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -nen | -set | |
| genitive | -sen | -sten -sien | |
| partitive | -sta | -sia | |
| illative | -seen | -siin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -nen | -set | |
| accusative | nom. | -nen | -set |
| gen. | -sen | ||
| genitive | -sen | -sten -sien | |
| partitive | -sta | -sia | |
| inessive | -sessa | -sissa | |
| elative | -sesta | -sista | |
| illative | -seen | -siin | |
| adessive | -sella | -silla | |
| ablative | -selta | -silta | |
| allative | -selle | -sille | |
| essive | -sena | -sina | |
| translative | -seksi | -siksi | |
| instructive | — | -sin | |
| abessive | -setta | -sitta | |
| comitative | — | -sineen | |
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -nen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -nen | -set | |
| genitive | -sen | -sten -sien | |
| partitive | -stä | -siä | |
| illative | -seen | -siin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -nen | -set | |
| accusative | nom. | -nen | -set |
| gen. | -sen | ||
| genitive | -sen | -sten -sien | |
| partitive | -stä | -siä | |
| inessive | -sessä | -sissä | |
| elative | -sestä | -sistä | |
| illative | -seen | -siin | |
| adessive | -sellä | -sillä | |
| ablative | -seltä | -siltä | |
| allative | -selle | -sille | |
| essive | -senä | -sinä | |
| translative | -seksi | -siksi | |
| instructive | — | -sin | |
| abessive | -settä | -sittä | |
| comitative | — | -sineen | |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Finnish_words_suffixed_with_-nen' title='Category:Finnish words suffixed with -nen'>Finnish words suffixed with -nen</a>
See also
- -inen
- -lainen
- -llinen
- -mainen
References
- Sirkka Paikkala: Se tavallinen Virtanen, SKS 959 (2004), →ISBN
Anagrams
- -nne
Japanese
Romanization
-nen
- Rōmaji transcription of ねん