neco
See also: něco and ñeco
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”); see also noxius (“harmful”), noceō (“I hurt, harm”), nex (“murder, violent death”) (as opposed to mors), as well as Middle Welsh angheu (“death”), Breton ankou, Old Irish éc, Ancient Greek νέκυς (nékus, “a dead body”) and νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”), Old Persian 𐎻𐎴𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎹 (vi-n-θ-y-t-y /vi-nathayatiy/, “he injures”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nasiieiti, “disappears”), 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎- (nasu-, “corpse”), Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “to disappear, perish”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈne.koː/, [ˈnɛkoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈne.ko/, [ˈnɛːko]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Verb
necō (present infinitive necāre, perfect active necāvī, supine necātum); first conjugation
- I kill, murder (especially without physical wounding such as by poison or hunger).
- Synonyms: ēnecō, occīdō, interimō, cōnficiō, caedō, obtruncō, percutiō, interficiō, trucīdō, perimō, peragō, dēiciō, iugulō, sōpiō, tollō, absūmō, cōnsūmō
- aliquem igni necare ― to kill someone by fire (fire burning)
- aliquem ferro necare ― to kill someone by sword
- (figuratively) I thwart, check.
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) (transitive) I drown.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of necō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | necō | necās | necat | necāmus | necātis | necant |
| imperfect | necābam | necābās | necābat | necābāmus | necābātis | necābant | |
| future | necābō | necābis | necābit | necābimus | necābitis | necābunt | |
| perfect | necāvī | necāvistī, necāstī1 | necāvit, necāt1 | necāvimus, necāmus1 | necāvistis, necāstis1 | necāvērunt, necāvēre, necārunt1 | |
| pluperfect | necāveram, necāram1 | necāverās, necārās1 | necāverat, necārat1 | necāverāmus, necārāmus1 | necāverātis, necārātis1 | necāverant, necārant1 | |
| future perfect | necāverō, necārō1 | necāveris, necāris1 | necāverit, necārit1 | necāverimus, necārimus1 | necāveritis, necāritis1 | necāverint, necārint1 | |
| passive | present | necor | necāris, necāre | necātur | necāmur | necāminī | necantur |
| imperfect | necābar | necābāris, necābāre | necābātur | necābāmur | necābāminī | necābantur | |
| future | necābor | necāberis, necābere | necābitur | necābimur | necābiminī | necābuntur | |
| perfect | necātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | necātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | necātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | necem | necēs | necet | necēmus | necētis | necent |
| imperfect | necārem | necārēs | necāret | necārēmus | necārētis | necārent | |
| perfect | necāverim, necārim1 | necāverīs, necārīs1 | necāverit, necārit1 | necāverīmus, necārīmus1 | necāverītis, necārītis1 | necāverint, necārint1 | |
| pluperfect | necāvissem, necāssem1 | necāvissēs, necāssēs1 | necāvisset, necāsset1 | necāvissēmus, necāssēmus1 | necāvissētis, necāssētis1 | necāvissent, necāssent1 | |
| passive | present | necer | necēris, necēre | necētur | necēmur | necēminī | necentur |
| imperfect | necārer | necārēris, necārēre | necārētur | necārēmur | necārēminī | necārentur | |
| perfect | necātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | necātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | necā | — | — | necāte | — |
| future | — | necātō | necātō | — | necātōte | necantō | |
| passive | present | — | necāre | — | — | necāminī | — |
| future | — | necātor | necātor | — | — | necantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | necāre | necāvisse, necāsse1 | necātūrum esse | necārī | necātum esse | necātum īrī | |
| participles | necāns | — | necātūrus | — | necātus | necandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| necandī | necandō | necandum | necandō | necātum | necātū | ||
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
- ēnecō
- internecō
- necātor
- necātrīx
- pernecō
Descendants
Nearly all with the sense of 'drown'.
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: nec, nicari
- Megleno-Romanian: nec
- Romanian: îneca, înecare, neca
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: annegare
- Neapolitan: anneà
- Sicilian: annigari, annijari
- North Italian:
- Ligurian: negâ
- Lombard: negar, negà
- Piedmontese: nié, nijé
- Venetian: negar
- Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: noiier, noier
- French: noyer
- Anglo-Norman: neier
- Norman: néyaer
- Picard: noéïer
- Old French: noiier, noier
- Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: negar
- Occitan: negar, nejar (northern), neiar (Vivaro-Alpine)
- Ibero-Romance:
- Portuguese: anegar
- Spanish: anegar
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: annegare, annegai
References
- “neco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “neco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- neco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- neco in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to perish in the flames: igni cremari, necari
- to be starved to death (as punishment): fame necari
- to perish in the flames: igni cremari, necari
- “neco”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “neco”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray