anobeithio
Welsh
Etymology
Analysable as either anobaith + -io or an- + gobeithio.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌanɔˈbei̯θjɔ/
Verb
anobeithio (first-person singular present anobeithiaf)
- (intransitive, with preposition am) to despair, to lose hope
- Synonym: digalonni
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | anobeithiaf | anobeithi | anobeithia | anobeithiwn | anobeithiwch | anobeithiant | anobeithir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | anobeithiwn | anobeithit | anobeithiai | anobeithiem | anobeithiech | anobeithient | anobeithid | |
| preterite | anobeithiais | anobeithiaist | anobeithiodd | anobeithiasom | anobeithiasoch | anobeithiasant | anobeithiwyd | |
| pluperfect | anobeithiaswn | anobeithiasit | anobeithiasai | anobeithiasem | anobeithiasech | anobeithiasent | anobeithiasid, anobeithiesid | |
| present subjunctive | anobeithiwyf | anobeithiech | anobeithio | anobeithiom | anobeithioch | anobeithiont | anobeithier | |
| imperative | — | anobeithia | anobeithied | anobeithiwn | anobeithiwch | anobeithient | anobeithier | |
| verbal noun | anobeithio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | anobeithiedig anobeithiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | anobeithia i, anobeithiaf i | anobeithi di | anobeithith o/e/hi, anobeithiff e/hi | anobeithiwn ni | anobeithiwch chi | anobeithian nhw |
| conditional | anobeithiwn i, anobeithiswn i | anobeithiet ti, anobeithiset ti | anobeithiai fo/fe/hi, anobeithisai fo/fe/hi | anobeithien ni, anobeithisen ni | anobeithiech chi, anobeithisech chi | anobeithien nhw, anobeithisen nhw |
| preterite | anobeithiais i, anobeithies i | anobeithiaist ti, anobeithiest ti | anobeithiodd o/e/hi | anobeithion ni | anobeithioch chi | anobeithion nhw |
| imperative | — | anobeithia | — | — | anobeithiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| anobeithio | unchanged | unchanged | hanobeithio |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “anobeithio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies