na̠k⁵⁵
Pela
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /na̠k⁵⁵/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”). Cognate with Burmese နှလုံး (hna.lum:, “heart”), Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Old Chinese 仁 (OC *njin), Manipuri ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ (pukning, “heart; mind”), Tangut 𗤶 (/*¹nji̠j/, “heart; mind”) and Japhug tɯsni (“heart; mind”). Compare Lhao Vo nhag' lam: and Zaiwa nviklvum.
Noun
na̠k⁵⁵
- (only in compounds) heart
- (only in compounds) mind
Usage notes
For "heart" (the organ of body) the compound na̠k⁵⁵ lam³¹ is used. The native na̠k⁵⁵ can refer to both the heart (the organ of body) and mind/character. However, when referring to the latter usage, the Jinghpo loanword mjɔt³¹ (<myit (“mind; think”)) is more frequently used in idioms.
Derived terms
- na̠k⁵⁵ ja⁵¹ nau⁵⁵ ("get angry")
- na̠k⁵⁵ ja⁵⁵ ("swear; blame")
- na̠k⁵⁵ lam³¹ ("heart")
- na̠k⁵⁵ mjɔn³¹ ("sympathise; pity")
- na̠k⁵⁵ naʔ⁵⁵ pju⁵⁵ ("enemy")
- na̠k⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ ("leader")
- na̠k⁵⁵ tʃam⁵¹ ja⁵¹ ("get angry")
See also
- mjɔt³¹ ("mind")
Etymology 2
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik (“year”). Cognate with Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “year”), Old Chinese 年 (OC *niːŋ), Tshangla ȵiŋ¹³ (“year”), Jingpho shaning (“year”). Compare Lhao Vo a nag' (“last year”), Zaiwa anvik (“last year”) and Hpon naiʔ (“year”).
Noun
na̠k⁵⁵
- (only in compounds) year
Usage notes
This form is inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, while in Pela (actually, the whole Maruic languages[1]) there is a new form tɛ̃⁵⁵ for the meaning of "year", which can be also used alone. Cf. Lhao Vo zae, Zaiwa zan and Lashi zan'.
Derived terms
- a³¹na̠k⁵⁵ ("last year")
- pa⁵⁵ na̠k⁵⁵ ("the year after next")
- sɔ̃⁵⁵ na̠k⁵⁵ ("next year")
- xə̆.na̠k⁵⁵ ("the year before last")
See also
- tɛ̃⁵⁵ ("year")
Etymology 3
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “two”), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis, “two”), Old Chinese 二 (OC *njis), Sichuan Yi ꑍ (nyip, “two”), Tangut 𗍫 (/*¹njɨ̠/, “two”) and Jingpho ni (“two (in compounds)”). Compare with Lhao Vo ngo nhag' (“we(dual)”).
Suffix
-na̠k⁵⁵
- dual suffix of personal pronouns
Usage notes
This term is inherited from Sino-Tibetan. However, in all Maruic languages, its usage of numeral "two" is no longer present, and has been replaced by innovative forms, e.g i̠³⁵.
Derived terms
- ŋjɔ̃³¹ na̠k⁵⁵ ("we(inclusive)")
- ŋə̆.na̠k⁵⁵ ("we(exclusive)")
See also
- -nɛ̃⁵⁵ ("dual suffix of personal pronouns")
- -tɔ̠̃⁵⁵ ("dual suffix of personal pronouns")
- i̠³⁵ ("two")
- tsam³⁵ ("pair")
References
- Nishi Yoshio. 1999. Old Burmese: toward the history of Burmese. Four papers on Burmese. Tokyo: ILCAA.
- Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)