natura
Catalan
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin natura.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /nəˈtu.ɾə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /naˈtu.ɾa/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uɾa
Noun
natura f (plural natures)
- nature
Related terms
- natural
Further reading
- “natura” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Esperanto
Etymology
From naturo + -a.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [naˈtura]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -ura
- Hyphenation: na‧tu‧ra
Adjective
natura (accusative singular naturan, plural naturaj, accusative plural naturajn)
- natural
- Antonyms: kontraŭnatura, nenatura
Galician
Alternative forms
- netura
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin natura.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtura̝/
Noun
natura f (plural naturas)
- vulva of a female mammal
- nature
- manner, way
- essence
- (archaic) type, kind, lineage
Related terms
- natural
- naturalmente
- natureza
References
- “natura” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “natura” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “natura” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “natura” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “natura” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “natura” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Italian
Etymology
From Latin nātūra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtu.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ura
- Hyphenation: na‧tù‧ra
Noun
natura f (plural nature)
- nature
- essence, character
Related terms
- nascere
- naturaccia
- naturale
- natura morta
- naturare
- naturismo
- naturista
Ladin
Noun
natura f (plural natures)
- nature
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish natura, borrowed from Latin nātūra (compare Spanish natura).
Noun
natura f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling נאטורה)
- nature
Related terms
- natural
Latin
Etymology
From nāscor (“be born”) (earlier form gnāscor) + -tūra.
Pronunciation
- nātūra: (Classical) IPA(key): /naːˈtuː.ra/, [näːˈt̪uːrä]
- nātūra: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /naˈtu.ra/, [näˈt̪uːrä]
Noun
nātūra f (genitive nātūrae); first declension
- nature, quality, substance or essence of a thing
- Synonyms: habitus, ingenium, character
- character, temperament, inclination, disposition
- Synonyms: mēns, indolēs, character
- the natural world
- Nātūra non facit saltūs
- Nature does not make leaps.
- Nātūra non facit saltūs
- penis, organs of generation, the natural parts
- Apuleius, The Golden Ass, translated P.G. Walsh
- nec ūllum miserae refōrmātiōnis videō sōlācium, nisi quod mihi iam nequeuntī tenēre Photidem nātūra crēscēbat.
- The sole consolation I could see in this wretched transformation was the swelling of my penis - though now I could not embrace Photis.
- nec ūllum miserae refōrmātiōnis videō sōlācium, nisi quod mihi iam nequeuntī tenēre Photidem nātūra crēscēbat.
- Apuleius, The Golden Ass, translated P.G. Walsh
- (rare) birth
Declension
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | nātūra | nātūrae |
Genitive | nātūrae | nātūrārum |
Dative | nātūrae | nātūrīs |
Accusative | nātūram | nātūrās |
Ablative | nātūrā | nātūrīs |
Vocative | nātūra | nātūrae |
Related terms
- nātūrābilis
- nātūrālis
- nātūrālitās
- nātūrāliter
Descendants
- Franco-Provençal: ñüra, nora, ñœrə
- Romansch: nadüra, nadira
- → Albanian: natyrë
- → Catalan: natura
- → Galician: natura
- → Irish: nádúr
- → Italian: natura
- → Old French: nature
- Middle French: nature
- French: nature
- → Middle Dutch: nature
- Dutch: natuur
- Limburgish: netuur, netuuer
- → Middle English: nature, natur, natour, nateure, nater
- English: nature
- Scots: natur, naitur, naeter, nature
- Yola: naatur
- → Welsh: natur
- Middle French: nature
- → Old Spanish: natura
- Ladino: natura
- Spanish: natura
- → Polish: natura
- → Portuguese: natura
- → Romanian: natură
- → Romansch: natüra
- → Russian: нату́ра (natúra)
- → Swedish: natur
- Sicilian: natura
Participle
nātūra
- inflection of nātūrus:
- nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
References
- “natura”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “natura”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- natura in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to die a natural death: debitum naturae reddere (Nep. Reg. 1)
- to devote oneself to the study of a natural science: se conferre ad naturae investigationem
- innate goodness, kindness: naturae bonitas (Off. 1. 32. 118)
- natural advantages: naturae bona
- (ambiguous) creation; nature: rerum natura or simply natura
- (ambiguous) climate: caelum or natura caeli
- (ambiguous) the natural position of a place: natura loci
- (ambiguous) natural gifts: natura et ingenium
- (ambiguous) to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
- (ambiguous) to have a natural propensity to vice: natura proclivem esse ad vitia
- (ambiguous) character: natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simply ingenium, indoles, natura, mores
- (ambiguous) Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God: natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit (N. D. 1. 16. 43)
- (ambiguous) to reconnoitre the ground: loca, regiones, loci naturam explorare
- (ambiguous) a town with a strong natural position: oppidum natura loci munitum (B. G. 1. 38)
- to die a natural death: debitum naturae reddere (Nep. Reg. 1)
- “natura”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “nātūra”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 7: N–Pas, page 45
Maltese
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian natura.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtuː.ra/
Noun
natura f (plural naturi)
- nature
- disposition
- (euphemistic) genitals
Related terms
- natural
- naturalezza (naturalizza)
- naturali
- naturalista
- naturalistiku
- naturaliżmu
- naturalizzazzjoni
- naturalment
- nnaturalizza (naturalizza)
Old Occitan
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin nātūra.
Noun
natura f (nominative singular natura)
- nature
Related terms
- natural
Old Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin nātūra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtuɾa/
Noun
natura f (plural naturas)
- nature, quality
- c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 7v.
- […] aquella tierra o son falladas otras piedras de muchas naturas ¬ muy nobles de que fablaremos adelante en eſte libro […]
- […] that land where other stones with many and very noble natures are found, of which we will speak later in this book […]
- […] aquella tierra o son falladas otras piedras de muchas naturas ¬ muy nobles de que fablaremos adelante en eſte libro […]
- Idem, f. 45r.
- De natura es fria et ſeca. ¬ las ſus uertudes son contrarias a ſu natura. […]
- And it is cold and dry in nature, and its virtues are contrary to its nature; […]
- De natura es fria et ſeca. ¬ las ſus uertudes son contrarias a ſu natura. […]
- c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 7v.
- (anatomy) vulva, female genitals
- c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 9r.
- Et aun a otra uertud muy eſtranna. que ſi la molieré ¬ la amaſſaren có uino ¬ fizieré della como bellota. ¬ la puſieren en la natura dela mugier, uieda que no enprenne.
- And it has yet another very strange virtue; that if it were to be ground and mixed with wine and shaped like an acorn, and put inside the vulva of the woman, it would prevent her from not becoming pregnant.
- Et aun a otra uertud muy eſtranna. que ſi la molieré ¬ la amaſſaren có uino ¬ fizieré della como bellota. ¬ la puſieren en la natura dela mugier, uieda que no enprenne.
- c. 1250: Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 9r.
Related terms
- natural
Descendants
- Ladino: natura (Latin spelling), נאטורה (Hebrew spelling)
- Spanish: natura
Piedmontese
Alternative forms
- natüra
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtyra/
Noun
natura f (plural nature)
- nature
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin nātūra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtu.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ura
- Syllabification: na‧tu‧ra
Noun
natura f
- nature (the natural world)
- Synonym: przyroda
- nature (the key characteristics of something or something's natural behavior)
- On jest dość miły z natury. ― He's quite nice by nature.
Declension
singular | |
---|---|
nominative | natura |
genitive | natury |
dative | naturze |
accusative | naturę |
instrumental | naturą |
locative | naturze |
vocative | naturo |
Derived terms
- antynaturalistyczny
- nadnaturalny
- naturalistyczny
- naturalny
- naturystyczny
- nadnaturalnie
- naturalistycznie
- naturalnie
- antynaturalizm
- nadnaturalność
- naturalia
- naturalista
- naturalistka
- naturalizacja
- naturalizm
- naturalność
- naturoterapeuta
- naturszczyk
- naturysta
- naturystka
- naturyzm
- prawo natury
- naturalizować
- znaturalizować
Further reading
- natura in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- natura in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish natura, borrowed from Latin nātūra[1].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /naˈtuɾa/ [naˈt̪u.ɾa]
- Rhymes: -uɾa
- Syllabification: na‧tu‧ra
Noun
natura f (plural naturas)
- nature
- Synonym: naturaleza
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “natura”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Latin in natura, used since the 17th century.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -²ʉːra
Noun
natura c (uncountable)
- in-kind (non-monetary payment), most often used in the adverbial postfix phrase in natura, sometimes i natura, and in compounds
- betalning i natura ― in-kind payment
Related terms
- naturaförmån
- naturahushållning
- naturalön
- naturaväghållning
References
- natura in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- natura in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)