nap
Translingual
Symbol
nap
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Neapolitan.
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /nap/
Audio (UK) (file)
- (US) IPA(key): /næp/
- Rhymes: -æp
- Homophone: knap
Etymology 1
From Middle English nappen, from Old English hnappian (“to doze, slumber, sleep”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn (“to nap”). Cognate with Old High German hnaffezan, hnaffezzan (whence Middle High German nafzen (“to slumber”) whence German dialectal napfezen, nafzen (“to nod, slumber, nap”)).
Noun
nap (plural naps)
- A short period of sleep, especially one during the day.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shut-eye, Thesaurus:sleep
Derived terms
- catnap
- dirt nap
- micronap
- napless
- power nap
Translations
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See also
See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take for collocations of nap.
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.
- Synonyms: snooze, doze
- (figuratively) To be off one's guard.
- a. 1684, Samuel Butler, Hudibras
- I took thee napping, unprepared.
- The regulators were caught napping by the financial collapse.
- a. 1684, Samuel Butler, Hudibras
Derived terms
- catch napping
Translations
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Etymology 2
From late Middle English noppe, nappe, from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German noppe, noppen (“to trim the nap”), ultimately from knappen (“to eat, crack”), of imitative origin. Related to the first element of knapsack.
Noun
nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
- A soft or fuzzy surface, generally on fabric or leather.
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- I tell thee, Jack Cade the clothier means to dress the commonwealth, and turn it, and set a new nap upon it.
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “16”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299:
- On his long, gaunt body, he carried no spare flesh, no superfluous beard, his chin having a soft, economical nap to it, like the worn nap of his broad-brimmed hat.
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, page 37:
- There were low bookshelves, there was a thick pinkish Chinese rug in which a gopher could have spent a week without showing his nose above the nap.
- 1961, Skyline, page 9:
- THEY CALL IT the "nap of the Earth," that area from the ground to the level of surrounding trees and hills, the thin rug of foliage and rock folds at the Earth's skin line that has become all-important to the United States Army.
- 1987, Some Data Processing Requirements for Precision Nap-Of-the-Earth (NOE) Guidance and Control of Rotorcraft:
- If incorporated in automatic guidance, this practical pursuit adjustment will enhance pilot acceptance of automatic guidance in following nap-of-the-earth profiles with precision.
- The common direction, on some kinds of fabric, of the hairs making up the pile.
- If the fabric has a nap, make sure all pieces are cut with the nap going the same direction.
- 1969, Classic Car, volumes 17-19, page 32:
- Instead of grinding the pistons straight around the axis, they are ground diagonally with a special-built machine. As a result, the “nap” of the metal is turned in such a way that, when it meets the “nap” of the cylinder wall, both surfaces quickly develop a high finish which removes the danger of scoring a piston.
Derived terms
- napless
Translations
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Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- To form or raise a soft or fuzzy surface on (fabric or leather).
Etymology 3
From the name of the French emperor Napoleon I of France.
Noun
nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
- (Britain) A type of bet in British horse racing, based on the experts' best tips.
- 2005, Leighton Vaughan-Williams, The Economics of Gambling (page 71)
- 4. Races run on English, Welsh or Scottish racecourses. This criterion was included so that media tipsters [sic] nap selections in general could be analysed; the source of naps, The Racing Rag 'tipster table', summarises the nap selections of newspaper tipsters, who restrict their selection to horses running at racecourses in these countries.
- 2005, Leighton Vaughan-Williams, The Economics of Gambling (page 71)
- (uncountable, card games) A card game in which players take tricks; properly Napoleon.
- A bid to take five tricks in the card game Napoleon.
Derived terms
- go nap
Translations
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Etymology 4
Probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Swedish nappa (“to pluck, pinch”). Related to nab.
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- (obsolete) To grab; to nab.
Derived terms
- kidnap
Etymology 5
From French napper, from nappe (“nape”).
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- (cooking) To cover (something) with a sauce. (usually in the passive)
- 2006, Wayne Gisslen, Mary Ellen Griffin, Professional Cooking for Canadian Chefs:
- Vanilla ice cream topped with a poached or canned pear half, napped with chocolate sauce, and garnished with toasted sliced almonds.
- 2006, Wayne Gisslen, Mary Ellen Griffin, Professional Cooking for Canadian Chefs:
Etymology 6
From Middle English nap (“a bowl”), from Old English hnæpp (“a cup, bowl”), from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz (“a cup, bowl”). Cognate with Dutch nap (“drinking cup”), German Napf (“bowl”), Low German Napp (“bowl, cup”), Icelandic hnappur (“button, key”). Doublet of hanap. See also nappy.
Noun
nap (plural naps)
- (Northern England, Scotland) A cup, bowl.
References
- The Dictionary of the Scots Language
Anagrams
- ANP, NPA, PAN, PNA, Pan, Pan., pan, pan-
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan nap, from Latin nāpus.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈnap/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ap
Noun
nap m (plural naps)
- turnip, Brassica rapa
References
- “nap” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “nap”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “nap” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “nap” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chuukese
Adjective
nap
- great
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch nap, from Old Dutch nap, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɑp/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: nap
- Rhymes: -ɑp
Noun
nap m (plural nappen, diminutive napje n)
- drinking cup
Derived terms
- bedelnap
- zuignap
Anagrams
- pan
Hungarian
Etymology
Of unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnɒp]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɒp
Noun
nap (plural napok)
- day
- Egy hét hét napból áll. ― A week consists of seven days.
- sun (also written Nap in astronomical context), (in compounds) solar
- Süt a nap. ― The sun is shining.
- napszél ― solar wind
- naprendszer ― solar system
Usage notes
(day):
| Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
|---|---|
| no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
| -kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
| -ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
| -n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
| -val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
(sun): Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. For föld (“ground, soil”)―Föld (“Earth”), hold (“moon, satellite”)―Hold (“the Moon”), and nap (“day; sun”)―Nap (“the Sun”), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent: egyenlítő (“equator”)―Egyenlítő (“Equator”), naprendszer (“solar system, planetary system”)―Naprendszer (“Solar System”), and tejút (“galaxy”, literally “milky way”, but galaxis and galaktika are more common)―Tejút (“Milky Way”).
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | nap | napok |
| accusative | napot | napokat |
| dative | napnak | napoknak |
| instrumental | nappal | napokkal |
| causal-final | napért | napokért |
| translative | nappá | napokká |
| terminative | napig | napokig |
| essive-formal | napként | napokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | napban | napokban |
| superessive | napon | napokon |
| adessive | napnál | napoknál |
| illative | napba | napokba |
| sublative | napra | napokra |
| allative | naphoz | napokhoz |
| elative | napból | napokból |
| delative | napról | napokról |
| ablative | naptól | napoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | napé | napoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | napéi | napokéi |
| Possessive forms of nap | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | napom | napjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | napod | napjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | napja | napjai |
| 1st person plural | napunk | napjaink |
| 2nd person plural | napotok | napjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | napjuk | napjaik |
Derived terms
- napi
- napjainkban
- naponta
- napozik
- nappal
- napellenző
- napernyő
- naperőmű
- napfelkelte
- napfény
- napfogyatkozás
- napforduló
- naphal
- napkelet
- napkelte
- napkitörés
- napközben
- naplemente
- naplopó
- napnyugta
- napóra
- napraforgó
- naprendszer
- napsugár
- napsütés
- napszak
- napszemüveg
- napszél
- napszítta
- napszúrás
- naptár
- naptej
- napvilág
- aznap
- bányásznap
- hétköznap
- holnap
- hónap
- ítéletnap
- kétnapos
- másnap
- mindennap
- munkanap
- névnap
- pihenőnap
- szabadnap
- szombatnap
- szökőnap
- születésnap
- szülinap
- tegnap
- ünnepnap
- anyák napja
- jó napot
- munkaszüneti nap
- nap-éj egyenlőség
Adverb
nap
- (following certain adjectives) on the specified (kind or number of) day(s)
- Synonym: napon
- minden áldott nap ― (on) every single day
- Egész nap ott voltunk. ― We were there (on) the whole day.
- Egyik nap ezt akarja, (a) másik nap meg azt. ― S/he wants one thing on some days and another (thing) on other days.
- Egy nap úgy döntött, elég volt. ― (On) some day s/he decided enough was enough.
Usage notes
Using a bare noun for an adverb is typical for times of the day like reggel (“morning”), este (“evening”) etc., but not for time units like minute, hour, week, month, or year, which all take a suffix when used as adverbs (percben, órában, héten, hónapban, évben). Even nap takes -on in most cases other than those above. However, the bare form also occurs in compound adverbs such as aznap, másnap, mindennap and vasárnap (the latter functions as a noun too), as well as tegnap and holnap.
References
- nap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- nap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English hnæpp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.
Alternative forms
- nep, nappe, neppe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nap/
Noun
nap (plural nappes)
- A bowl for one's beverages; a chalice.
Descendants
- English: nap (now dialectal)
- Scots: nap
References
- “nap, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.
Etymology 2
A back-formation from nappen.
Alternative forms
- nappe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nap/
Noun
nap
- A nap or doze; a short sleep.
Descendants
- English: nap
- Scots: nap
- Yola: nappe
References
- “nap, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.
Verb
nap
- Alternative form of nappen
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan nap, from Latin nāpus.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Noun
nap m (plural naps)
- turnip (Brassica rapa)
Derived terms
- nap del diable
References
- Arve Cassignac, L'Occitan de Comunicason, 2019
Romanian
Etymology
From Latin nāpus.
Noun
nap m (plural napi)
- turnip or swede (Brassica napus)
- carrot
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) nap | napul | (niște) napi | napii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) nap | napului | (unor) napi | napilor |
| vocative | napule | napilor | ||
See also
- navetă
- rapiță
- sfeclă