-nak
See also: nak, NAK, nák, nāk, -nák, and ␕
Hungarian
| Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ed | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)* | ||
| case | v. pr. | c. | ||||||
| nom. | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ | – | – |
| acc. | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt | kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ | – | c1 c2 |
| dat. | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | c |
| ins. | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel | azzal/ avval | vele | c | |
| c-f. | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | c |
| tra. | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | c |
| ter. | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | c |
| e-f. | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | c |
| e-m. | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | c |
| ine. | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | c |
| sup. | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | c |
| ade. | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | c |
| ill. | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | c |
| sub. | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | c |
| all. | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | c |
| el. | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | c |
| del. | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | c |
| abl. | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | c |
| *: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All » | ||||||||
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɒk]
Etymology 1
Case suffix.
Suffix
-nak
- (case suffix) to, for. Used to form the dative case.
- húg (“younger sister”) → Adtam egy könyvet a húgomnak. ― I gave a book to my little sister.
- 's, of. Used to form the possessive from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.
- szomszéd (“neighbor”) → A szomszédom(nak a) kertjében áll egy tölgyfa. ― There is an oak in my neighbor’s garden.
- múzeum (“museum”) → A múzeumnak két bejárata van. ― The museum has two entrances.
- indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal)
- as, for (in the function or role specified)
- Ne dobd ki az újságot, jól jöhet még csomagolópapírnak. ― Don't throw out the newspaper, it could come in handy as wrapping paper.
- Concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
- Olcsónak olcsó, de ráférne egy felújítás. ― Cheap as it may be, but it could do with some renovation.
Usage notes
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | Front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í | rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként | |||
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -nak is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- házigazda (“host”) → Ajándékot hoztunk a házigazdának. ― We brought gifts for the host.
- -nek is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. ― I bought a toy for the child.
- körte (“pear”) → A körtének jó íze van. ― The pear tastes good. (Literally, “to the pear there is a good flavor”.)
- -nak is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
See also
- neki
Etymology 2
Personal suffix.
Suffix
-nak
- (personal suffix) third-person plural and formal second-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation)
- olvas (“read”) → olvasnak (“they read, they are reading; (formal) you read, you are reading”)
Usage notes
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
- tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. – The children are not studying enough.
- -nek is added to front-vowel verbs
- énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. – The birds are singing.
- -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? – What do animals teach us?
- -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. – The children are painting.
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
See also
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -nak/-nek
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes