mušti
See also: musti
Lithuanian
Etymology
Within Balto-Slavic a connection can be drawn with Latvian mustavas (“warping beam”) (compare muštùvas); Slovene mašiti (“fill, clog up”) and perhaps Bulgarian му́ша (múša, “stab, poke”) < *moux-.[1] These forms point to Proto-Indo-European -s- and a root of *mews- (“poke, beat”); compare Sanskrit मुष्णाति (muṣṇāti, “steal, break”).
According to Beekes[2], the root is Proto-Indo-European *h₂muḱ-; compare Ancient Greek ἀμύσσω (amússō, “scratch, tear”), Latin mūcrō (“sharp point”). However, neither the semantic nor formal arguments make a convincing case for the Lithuanian term to belong here.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈmʊʃ.tʲɪ/
Verb
mùšti (third-person present tense mùša, third-person past tense mùšė)
- (transitive) beat, strike, hit
- Nemušk draũgo, mùšk kamuoliùką. - Don't hit your friend, hit a ball.
- Kìlus áudrai, bañgos mùša į mòlą. ― When a storm comes up, the waves bash against the pier.
- (transitive) fight off, fight back (send an opponent into retreat)
- Bolševikai mùšė lénkus ir̃ sliñko į Váršuvą. ― The Bolsheviks fought back the Poles as they crept into Warsaw.
- (transitive, cooking) pound, tenderize (of meat)
- (intransitive) beat, throb, pulsate (of the heart)
- Širdìs mùša 90 kar̃tų per̃ minùtę. ― My heart is beating at 90 beats per minute.
- (intransitive) strike, chime (of clocks)
- Laĩkrodis mùša peñktą vãlandą vãkaro. - The clock strikes 5 p.m.
- (intransitive, shooting) shoot
- šautùvas tiksliaĩ mùša. ― The gun shoots accurately.
- (transitive, sports) score a goal
- (intransitive) burst out, erupt; rush
- Kaĩ àš stóviu añt galvõs, kraũjas mùša mán į gálvą. ― Blood rushes to my head when I stand on my head.
Conjugation
Conjugation of mušti
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) | present (esamasis laikas) | mušù | mušì | mùša | mùšame, mùšam | mùšate, mùšat | mùša | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) | mušiaũ | mušeĩ | mùšė | mùšėme, mùšėm | mùšėte, mùšėt | mùšė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) | mùšdavau | mùšdavai | mùšdavo | mùšdavome, mùšdavom | mùšdavote, mùšdavot | mùšdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) | mùšiu | mùši | mùš | mùšime, mùšim | mùšite, mùšit | mùš | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) | mùščiau | mùštum | mùštų | mùštumėme, mùštumėm, mùštume | mùštumėte, mùštumėt | mùštų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) | — | mùšk, mùški | temùša | mùškime, mùškim | mùškite, mùškit | temùša | ||
Participles of mušti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | mùšąs, mùšantis | mùšamas | |
| past | mùšęs | mùštas | |
| past frequentative | mùšdavęs | — | |
| future | mùšiąs, mùšiantis | mùšimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | mùštinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | mùšdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) | present | mùšant | |
| past | mùšus | ||
| past frequentative | mùšdavus | ||
| future | mùšiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | muštè, muštinai | ||
Synonyms
- (to hit): daužyti, dobti, kalti, plakti, smogti, suduoti, trenkti
- (to pulsate): plakti, pulsuoti, tvinkčioti
- (to shoot): šauti
Derived terms
terms derived from mušti
- muštis
- mušimas
- muštinis
- mūšis
- mūša
- mušdinti
- mušinėti
- mušnoti
- muštynės
- muštuvas
- muštuvis, muštokė
- muštukas m, muštukė f
- mušėjas m, mušėja f
- mušeika
prefixed forms of mušti
- apmušti, apsimušti
- atmušti, atsimušti
- įmušti, įsimušti
- išmušti, išsimušti
- numušti, nusimušti
- pamušti, pasimušti
- parmušti
- permušti
- pramušti, prasimušti
- primušti, prisimušti
- sumušti, susimušti
- užmušti, užsimušti
See also
- (to hit): varyti
References
- Zhanna Varbot (1973), “К реконструкции и этимологии некоторых праславянских глагольных основ и отглагольных имен. I [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives]”, in Этимология 1971, Moscow, page 11: “*mъxnǫti, *mušiti”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN