mutualism

mutualism

English

Hummingbird hawkmoth drinking from Dianthus. Pollination is a classic example of mutualism (sense 1).

Etymology

mutual +‎ -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈmjuː.tʃʊ.əˌlɪz.m̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈmju.t͡ʃu.əˌlɪz.m̩/
• Hyphenation: mu‧tu‧al‧ism

Noun

mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)

1. (ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services.
2. An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Related terms

• commensalism

Translations

interaction between two species that benefits both

Chinese: Mandarin: 互利共生 (hùlì-gòngshēng), 互惠共生 (hùhuì-gòngshēng), 相利共生 (xiānglì-gòngshēng) Finnish: mutualismi (fi) French: mutualisme (fr) m Indonesian: mutualisme (id) Italian: mutualismo (it) m Japanese: 相利共生 (sōrikyōsei) Malay: kesalingan Portuguese: mutualismo (pt) m Romanian: mutualism (ro) n Slovene: mutualizem m Spanish: mutualismo (es) m Swedish: mutualism (sv) c

---

Romanian

Etymology

From French mutualisme. By surface analysis, mutual +‎ -ism.

Noun

mutualism n (uncountable)

1. mutualism, mutuality

Declension

declension of mutualism (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) mutualism	mutualismul
genitive/dative	(unui) mutualism	mutualismului
vocative	mutualismule