murtaa
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *murtadak, from Proto-Uralic *mura-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmurtɑːˣ/, [ˈmurt̪ɑː(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -urtɑː
- Syllabification(key): mur‧taa
Verb
murtaa
- (transitive) to break (to cause to end up in two or more pieces)
- Aion murtaa naamiosi.
- I am going to break your mask.
- (transitive, medicine) Of a bone, to cause to crack under physical strain
- Älä yritä murtaa hänen niskaansa.
- Don't try to break his neck.
- Älä murra sormiasi koripallossa.
- Don't break your fingers playing basketball.
- (transitive, tennis, ~ (syöttö)) to break
- (transitive) to fragment (to break apart)
- (transitive, ~ (tahto)) to break (to cause a person or animal to lose his/her/its will)
- Norsun tahto on murrettava ennen kuin sitä voi käyttää kantojuhtana.
- You have to break an elephant before you can use it as an animal of burden.
- Amerikka on käyttänyt monia kidutustapoja murtaakseen sotavankinsa.
- America has used many forms of torture to break their POWs.
Conjugation
| Inflection of murtaa (Kotus type 54*K/huutaa, rt-rr gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | murran | en murra | 1st sing. | olen murtanut | en ole murtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | murrat | et murra | 2nd sing. | olet murtanut | et ole murtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | murtaa | ei murra | 3rd sing. | on murtanut | ei ole murtanut | |
| 1st plur. | murramme | emme murra | 1st plur. | olemme murtaneet | emme ole murtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | murratte | ette murra | 2nd plur. | olette murtaneet | ette ole murtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | murtavat | eivät murra | 3rd plur. | ovat murtaneet | eivät ole murtaneet | |
| passive | murretaan | ei murreta | passive | on murrettu | ei ole murrettu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mursin | en murtanut | 1st sing. | olin murtanut | en ollut murtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | mursit | et murtanut | 2nd sing. | olit murtanut | et ollut murtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mursi | ei murtanut | 3rd sing. | oli murtanut | ei ollut murtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mursimme | emme murtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme murtaneet | emme olleet murtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mursitte | ette murtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte murtaneet | ette olleet murtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mursivat | eivät murtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat murtaneet | eivät olleet murtaneet | |
| passive | murrettiin | ei murrettu | passive | oli murrettu | ei ollut murrettu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | murtaisin | en murtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin murtanut | en olisi murtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | murtaisit | et murtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit murtanut | et olisi murtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | murtaisi | ei murtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi murtanut | ei olisi murtanut | |
| 1st plur. | murtaisimme | emme murtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme murtaneet | emme olisi murtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | murtaisitte | ette murtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte murtaneet | ette olisi murtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | murtaisivat | eivät murtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat murtaneet | eivät olisi murtaneet | |
| passive | murrettaisiin | ei murrettaisi | passive | olisi murrettu | ei olisi murrettu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | murra | älä murra | 2nd sing. | ole murtanut | älä ole murtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | murtakoon | älköön murtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon murtanut | älköön olko murtanut | |
| 1st plur. | murtakaamme | älkäämme murtako | 1st plur. | olkaamme murtaneet | älkäämme olko murtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | murtakaa | älkää murtako | 2nd plur. | olkaa murtaneet | älkää olko murtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | murtakoot | älkööt murtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot murtaneet | älkööt olko murtaneet | |
| passive | murrettakoon | älköön murrettako | passive | olkoon murrettu | älköön olko murrettu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | murtanen | en murtane | 1st sing. | lienen murtanut | en liene murtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | murtanet | et murtane | 2nd sing. | lienet murtanut | et liene murtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | murtanee | ei murtane | 3rd sing. | lienee murtanut | ei liene murtanut | |
| 1st plur. | murtanemme | emme murtane | 1st plur. | lienemme murtaneet | emme liene murtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | murtanette | ette murtane | 2nd plur. | lienette murtaneet | ette liene murtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | murtanevat | eivät murtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät murtaneet | eivät liene murtaneet | |
| passive | murrettaneen | ei murrettane | passive | lienee murrettu | ei liene murrettu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | murtaa | present | murtava | murrettava | ||
| long 1st2 | murtaakseen | past | murtanut | murrettu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | murtaessa | murrettaessa | agent1, 3 | murtama | |
| instructive | murtaen | — | negative | murtamaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | murtamassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | murtamasta | — | ||||
| illative | murtamaan | — | ||||
| adessive | murtamalla | — | ||||
| abessive | murtamatta | — | ||||
| instructive | murtaman | murrettaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | murtaminen | ||||
| partitive | murtamista | |||||
| 5th2 | murtamaisillaan | |||||
Synonyms
- (to cause to end up in two or more pieces): rikkoa, särkeä
- (to fragment): hajottaa, rikkoa, sirpaloida, särkeä
- (to break one's will): alistaa
Derived terms
- nouns: murre, murros, murto, muru
- verbs: reflexive murtautua, passive murtua
- idioms: murtaa leipä
Anagrams
- maarut, trauma
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *murtadak. Cognates include Finnish murtaa and Estonian murda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈmurtɑː/, [ˈmurtɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈmurtɑː/, [ˈmurtɑː]
- Rhymes: -urtɑː
- Hyphenation: mur‧taa
Verb
murtaa
- (transitive) to break
Conjugation
| Conjugation of murtaa (type 3/kyntää, rt-rr gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | murran | en murra | 1st singular | oon murtant, oon murtanut | en oo murtant, en oo murtanut |
| 2nd singular | murrat | et murra | 2nd singular | oot murtant, oot murtanut | et oo murtant, et oo murtanut |
| 3rd singular | murtaa | ei murra | 3rd singular | ono murtant, ono murtanut | ei oo murtant, ei oo murtanut |
| 1st plural | murramma | emmä murra | 1st plural | oomma murtanneet | emmä oo murtanneet |
| 2nd plural | murratta | että murra | 2nd plural | ootta murtanneet | että oo murtanneet |
| 3rd plural | murtaat1), murtavat2), murretaa | evät murra | 3rd plural | ovat murtanneet | evät oo murtanneet |
| impersonal | murretaa | ei murreta | impersonal | ono murrettu | ei oo murrettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | mursin | en murtant, en murtanut | 1st singular | olin murtant, olin murtanut | en olt murtant, en olt murtanut |
| 2nd singular | mursit | et murtant, et murtanut | 2nd singular | olit murtant, olit murtanut | et olt murtant, et olt murtanut |
| 3rd singular | mursi | ei murtant, ei murtanut | 3rd singular | oli murtant, oli murtanut | ei olt murtant, ei olt murtanut |
| 1st plural | mursimma | emmä murtanneet | 1st plural | olimma murtanneet | emmä olleet murtanneet |
| 2nd plural | mursitta | että murtanneet | 2nd plural | olitta murtanneet | että olleet murtanneet |
| 3rd plural | mursiit1), mursivat2), murrettii | evät murtanneet | 3rd plural | olivat murtanneet | evät olleet murtanneet |
| impersonal | murrettii | ei murrettu | impersonal | oli murrettu | ei olt murrettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | murtaisin | en murtais | 1st singular | olisin murtant, olisin murtanut | en olis murtant, en olis murtanut |
| 2nd singular | murtaisit, murtaist1) | et murtais | 2nd singular | olisit murtant, olisit murtanut | et olis murtant, et olis murtanut |
| 3rd singular | murtais | ei murtais | 3rd singular | olis murtant, olis murtanut | ei olis murtant, ei olis murtanut |
| 1st plural | murtaisimma | emmä murtais | 1st plural | olisimma murtanneet | emmä olis murtanneet |
| 2nd plural | murtaisitta | että murtais | 2nd plural | olisitta murtanneet | että olis murtanneet |
| 3rd plural | murtaisiit1), murtaisivat2), murrettais | evät murtais | 3rd plural | olisivat murtanneet | evät olis murtanneet |
| impersonal | murrettais | ei murrettais | impersonal | olis murrettu | ei olis murrettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | murra | elä murra | 2nd singular | oo murtant, oo murtanut | elä oo murtant, elä oo murtanut |
| 3rd singular | murtakoo | elköö murtako | 3rd singular | olkoo murtant, olkoo murtanut | elköö olko murtant, elköö olko murtanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | murtakaa | elkää murtako | 2nd plural | olkaa murtanneet | elkää olko murtanneet |
| 3rd plural | murtakoot | elkööt murtako | 3rd plural | olkoot murtanneet | elkööt olko murtanneet |
| impersonal | murrettakkoo | elköö murrettako | impersonal | olkoo murrettu | elköö olko murrettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | murtanen | en murtane | |||
| 2nd singular | murtanet | et murtane | |||
| 3rd singular | murtanoo | ei murtane | |||
| 1st plural | murtanemma | emmä murtane | |||
| 2nd plural | murtanetta | että murtane | |||
| 3rd plural | murtanoot | evät murtane | |||
| impersonal | murrettannoo | ei murrettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | murtaa | present | murtava | murrettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | murtajees | past | murtant, murtanut | murrettu |
| instructive | murtaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (murtakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | murtamaa | |||
| inessive | murtamaas | ||||
| elative | murtamast | ||||
| abessive | murtamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | murtamiin | |||
| partitive | murtamista, murtamist | ||||
Synonyms
- rikkoa
Derived terms
- muru
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 320