mulleus
Latin
Etymology
Uncertain[1]; proposed derivations include:
- From mullus (“mullet”), but considered folk etymology
- From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-. Cognates include Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “black”), Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian melns, and Old Prussian melne. Driessen rejects the connection with adj. in **-no- meaning 'black' since Proto-Italic *melnos / *mlnos would not yield Lat. mullus but melnus / blanus, cf. blandus (“soft”)
- From Proto-Italic *molweyos, from *ml-uo (“dark, red, dirty”) IE cognates Latvian mul̃vas "reddish, yellowish," itself from *melh₂-.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmul.le.us/, [ˈmʊlːʲeʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈmul.le.us/, [ˈmulːeus]
Adjective
mulleus (feminine mullea, neuter mulleum); first/second-declension adjective
- of a red color (said of shoes) "calceus mulleus"
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | mulleus | mullea | mulleum | mulleī | mulleae | mullea | |
| Genitive | mulleī | mulleae | mulleī | mulleōrum | mulleārum | mulleōrum | |
| Dative | mulleō | mulleō | mulleīs | ||||
| Accusative | mulleum | mulleam | mulleum | mulleōs | mulleās | mullea | |
| Ablative | mulleō | mulleā | mulleō | mulleīs | |||
| Vocative | mullee | mullea | mulleum | mulleī | mulleae | mullea | |
See also
| candidus, albus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus | rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (ML. or NL.) | āter, niger, piceus |
| pūniceus, murrinus, rūfus, ruber, russus, rūbrīcus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius | rutilus, armeniacus, auranteus, aurantiacus; fuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx | gilvus, helvus, fulvus, flāvus, croceus, pallidus, lūteus, blondinus (ML.) |
| galbus, galbinus, lūridus | viridis | prasinus |
| cȳaneus | caeruleus, azurīnus (ML.), blavus (ML.) | glaucus; līvidus; venetus |
| violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.) | ostrīnus, amethystīnus | purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus |
References
- Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “mulleus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 122
Further reading
- “mulleus calceus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- mulleus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mulleus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394