-mpi
See also: mpi and MPI
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-mpa, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-mpa. Cognate with Hungarian -bb and the element -mb in Moksha сембе (sembe). The change of the final vowel in nominative is also shared with some other Finnic languages.
Suffix
-mpi
- Forms comparative adjectives.
- heikko weak -> heikompi
- matala low, shallow -> matalampi
- ruma ugly -> rumempi
- suuri great, big -> suurempi
- Forms adjectives that indicate relative location from some nouns that indicate location. In most of these cases the noun has disappeared from the language as independent word but continues to exist as prefix, and some cases are used as postpositions indicating location.
- etu -> edempi (“located ahead of something else”)
- lähi- -> lähempi (“closer”)
- perä (“aft part of something”) -> perempi (“located further aback”)
- sisä -> sisempi (“inner”)
- taka -> taempi (“located behind something else”)
- ulko- -> ulompi (“outer”)
Usage notes
- Bisyllabic adjectives ending in -a or -ä change the final vowel to -e- before the comparative suffix is appended, but adjectives with three or more syllables do not. In compound terms only the headword counts. The stem is the same as in the genitive singular.
Declension
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| genitive | -mman | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmat |
| gen. | -mman | ||
| genitive | -mman | -mpien -mpainrare | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| inessive | -mmassa | -mmissa | |
| elative | -mmasta | -mmista | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmalla | -mmilla | |
| ablative | -mmalta | -mmilta | |
| allative | -mmalle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpana | -mpina | |
| translative | -mmaksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmatta | -mmitta | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmät |
| gen. | -mmän | ||
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien -mpäinrare | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| inessive | -mmässä | -mmissä | |
| elative | -mmästä | -mmistä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmällä | -mmillä | |
| ablative | -mmältä | -mmiltä | |
| allative | -mmälle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpänä | -mpinä | |
| translative | -mmäksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmättä | -mmittä | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |
See also
- -in