minuo

minuo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *minwō, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”), either *mi-néw-ti[1] or *mi-néh₁-ti. Cognate with Sanskrit मीनाति (minā́ti, “to lessen, diminish, damage”) (also मिनोति (minóti)), Ancient Greek μινύθω (minúthō, “to lessen; to disappear”), Cornish minow (“to reduce”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “less”), Old Church Slavonic мьнйии (mĭnjij, “smaller, lesser, younger”), Tocharian B maiwe (“small, young”).[2] Related to minor.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.nu.oː/, [ˈmɪnuoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.nu.o/, [ˈmiːnuo]

Verb

minuō (present infinitive minuere, perfect active minuī, supine minūtum); third conjugation

1. I make smaller, lessen, diminish, reduce

   Synonyms: diminuō, dēminuō, imminuō, tenuō, premō, corripiō

   Antonyms: augeō, amplificō, extendō, accumulō, cumulō, multiplicō

2. I attenuate, appease, suppress, repress, quell

   Synonym: coerceo

3. I dismember, tear apart, break

   Synonyms: findo, rumpo

4. I restrict, confine, limit

   Synonyms: fīniō, līmitō, delīmitō, claudō, urgeō, moderor, inclūdō

   animos minuere ― to restrict the wrath

5. I remove, subtract, detract
6. I reduce the importance
7. I undermine, weaken, debilitate, soften

   Synonyms: atterō, dēterō, frangō, effēminō, tenuō, cōnsūmō, afficiō

   Antonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō

8. I eliminate, delete, remove
9. (poetic) I cease, stop, give up

Conjugation

Conjugation of minuō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	minuō	minuis	minuit	minuimus	minuitis	minuunt
	imperfect	minuēbam	minuēbās	minuēbat	minuēbāmus	minuēbātis	minuēbant
	future	minuam	minuēs	minuet	minuēmus	minuētis	minuent
	perfect	minuī	minuistī	minuit	minuimus	minuistis	minuērunt, minuēre
	pluperfect	minueram	minuerās	minuerat	minuerāmus	minuerātis	minuerant
	future perfect	minuerō	minueris	minuerit	minuerimus	minueritis	minuerint
passive	present	minuor	minueris, minuere	minuitur	minuimur	minuiminī	minuuntur
	imperfect	minuēbar	minuēbāris, minuēbāre	minuēbātur	minuēbāmur	minuēbāminī	minuēbantur
	future	minuar	minuēris, minuēre	minuētur	minuēmur	minuēminī	minuentur
	perfect	minūtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	minūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	minūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	minuam	minuās	minuat	minuāmus	minuātis	minuant
	imperfect	minuerem	minuerēs	minueret	minuerēmus	minuerētis	minuerent
	perfect	minuerim	minuerīs	minuerit	minuerīmus	minuerītis	minuerint
	pluperfect	minuissem	minuissēs	minuisset	minuissēmus	minuissētis	minuissent
passive	present	minuar	minuāris, minuāre	minuātur	minuāmur	minuāminī	minuantur
	imperfect	minuerer	minuerēris, minuerēre	minuerētur	minuerēmur	minuerēminī	minuerentur
	perfect	minūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	minūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	minue	—	—	minuite	—
	future	—	minuitō	minuitō	—	minuitōte	minuuntō
passive	present	—	minuere	—	—	minuiminī	—
	future	—	minuitor	minuitor	—	—	minuuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		minuere	minuisse	minūtūrum esse	minuī	minūtum esse	minūtum īrī
participles		minuēns	—	minūtūrus	—	minūtus	minuendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		minuendī	minuendō	minuendum	minuendō	minūtum	minūtū

Descendants

• Asturian: menguar
• Catalan: minvar
• Interlingua: minuer
• Italian: minuire
• Old Portuguese: menguar, minguar, mengar, mingar
  • Galician: minguar
  • Portuguese: minguar, minuir
• Spanish: menguar, minuir

References

1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 139
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “minor, -or, -us”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381–382

• “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• minuo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• minuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to increase a person's dignity: auctoritatem alicuius amplificare (opp. imminuere, minuere)
    
  • to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere
    
  • to retrench: sumptum minuere
    

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Serbo-Croatian

Participle

minuo (Cyrillic spelling минуо)

1. masculine singular active past participle of minuti