mermar
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Vulgar Latin *minimō, *minimāre, from Latin minimus.
Verb
mermar
- to reduce; to diminish
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mermar | aver mermat | |||||
| gerund | mermant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | mermat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | mermi | mermas | merma | mermam | mermatz | merman | |
| imperfect | mermavi | mermavas | mermava | mermàvem | mermàvetz | mermavan | |
| preterite | mermèri | mermères | mermèt | mermèrem | mermèretz | mermèron | |
| future | mermarai | mermaràs | mermarà | mermarem | mermaretz | mermaràn | |
| conditional | mermariái | mermariás | mermariá | mermariam | mermariatz | mermarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | mermèra | mermèras | mermèra | mermeram | mermeratz | mermèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merme | mermem | mermetz | mermen | |
| imperfect | mermèssi | mermèsses | mermèsse | mermèssem | mermèssetz | mermèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| merma | mermem | mermatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mermar | aver mermat | |||||
| gerund | mermant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | mermat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merma | mermam | mermatz | mermon | |
| imperfect | mermave | mermaves | mermava | mermaviam | mermaviatz | mermavon | |
| preterite | mermere | mermeres | mermet | mermem | mermetz | mermeron | |
| future | mermarai | mermaràs | mermará | mermarem | mermaretz | mermarán | |
| conditional | mermariá | mermariás | mermariá | mermariam | mermariatz | mermarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | mermèra | mermèras | mermèra | mermeram | mermeratz | mermèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merme | mermassiam | mermassiatz | mermon | |
| imperfect | mermesse | mermesses | mermesse | mermessiam | mermessiatz | mermesson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| merma | mermassiam | mermatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mermar | aver mermat | |||||
| gerund | mermant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | mermat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | mermi | mermas | merma | mermam | mermatz | merman | |
| imperfect | mermavi | mermavas | mermava | mermàvam | mermàvatz | mermavan | |
| preterite | mermèi | mermès | mermè | mermèm | mermètz | mermèn | |
| future | mermarèi | mermaràs | mermarà | mermaram | mermaratz | mermaràn | |
| conditional | mermarí | mermarés | mermaré | mermarem | mermaretz | mermarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | mermèra | mermèras | mermèra | mermeram | mermeratz | mermèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | mermi | mermes | merme | mermem | mermetz | mermen | |
| imperfect | mermèssi | mermèsses | mermèsse | mermèssem | mermèssetz | mermèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| merma | mermem | mermatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mermar | aver mermat | |||||
| gerund | mermant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | mermat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | merme | mermas | merma | mermam | mermatz | merman | |
| imperfect | mermava | mermavas | mermava | mermàvam | mermàvatz | mermavan | |
| preterite | mermei | mermeras | mermet | mermèram | mermèratz | mermeran | |
| future | mermarai | mermaràs | mermará | mermarem | mermaretz | mermarán | |
| conditional | mermariá | mermariàs | mermariá | mermariam | mermariatz | mermarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | mermèra | mermèras | mermèra | mermeram | mermeratz | mermèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merme | mermem | mermetz | mermen | |
| imperfect | mermèsse | mermèsses | mermèsse | mermèssem | mermèssetz | mermèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| merma | mermem | mermatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | mermar | aver mermat | |||||
| gerund | mermant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | mermat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merma | mermam | mermatz | merman | |
| imperfect | mermavi | mermavas | mermava | mermàvem | mermàvetz | mermavan | |
| preterite | mermère | mermères | mermèt | mermeriam | mermeriatz | mermèron | |
| future | mermarai | mermaràs | mermarà | mermarem | mermaretz | mermaràn | |
| conditional | mermariáu | mermariás | mermariá | mermariam | mermariatz | mermarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | mermèra | mermèras | mermèra | mermeram | mermeratz | mermèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | merme | mermes | merme | mermem | mermetz | merman | |
| imperfect | mermèsse | mermèsses | mermèsse | mermessiam | mermessiatz | mermèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| merma | mermem | mermatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Spanish
Etymology
Ultimately from Vulgar Latin minimāre, a verb based on Latin minimus (“least”). Considering its rather late date of first attestation in Spanish (1603) and the absence of an inherited Portuguese counterpart, Coromines & Pascual suppose it was likely borrowed, through mercantile contacts, from Occitan mermar, a term well-attested since the twelfth century.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /meɾˈmaɾ/ [meɾˈmaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: mer‧mar
Verb
mermar (first-person singular present mermo, first-person singular preterite mermé, past participle mermado)
- to reduce
- Synonyms: disminuir, rebajar, reducir
Conjugation
Conjugation of mermar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | mermar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | mermando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | mermado | mermada | |||||
| plural | mermados | mermadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | mermo | mermastú mermásvos | merma | mermamos | mermáis | merman | |
| imperfect | mermaba | mermabas | mermaba | mermábamos | mermabais | mermaban | |
| preterite | mermé | mermaste | mermó | mermamos | mermasteis | mermaron | |
| future | mermaré | mermarás | mermará | mermaremos | mermaréis | mermarán | |
| conditional | mermaría | mermarías | mermaría | mermaríamos | mermaríais | mermarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | merme | mermestú mermésvos2 | merme | mermemos | merméis | mermen | |
| imperfect (ra) | mermara | mermaras | mermara | mermáramos | mermarais | mermaran | |
| imperfect (se) | mermase | mermases | mermase | mermásemos | mermaseis | mermasen | |
| future1 | mermare | mermares | mermare | mermáremos | mermareis | mermaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | mermatú mermávos | merme | mermemos | mermad | mermen | ||
| negative | no mermes | no merme | no mermemos | no merméis | no mermen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of mermar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive mermar | |||||||
| dative | mermarme | mermarte | mermarle, mermarse | mermarnos | mermaros | mermarles, mermarse | |
| accusative | mermarme | mermarte | mermarlo, mermarla, mermarse | mermarnos | mermaros | mermarlos, mermarlas, mermarse | |
| with gerund mermando | |||||||
| dative | mermándome | mermándote | mermándole, mermándose | mermándonos | mermándoos | mermándoles, mermándose | |
| accusative | mermándome | mermándote | mermándolo, mermándola, mermándose | mermándonos | mermándoos | mermándolos, mermándolas, mermándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative merma | |||||||
| dative | mérmame | mérmate | mérmale | mérmanos | not used | mérmales | |
| accusative | mérmame | mérmate | mérmalo, mérmala | mérmanos | not used | mérmalos, mérmalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative mermá | |||||||
| dative | mermame | mermate | mermale | mermanos | not used | mermales | |
| accusative | mermame | mermate | mermalo, mermala | mermanos | not used | mermalos, mermalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative merme | |||||||
| dative | mérmeme | not used | mérmele, mérmese | mérmenos | not used | mérmeles | |
| accusative | mérmeme | not used | mérmelo, mérmela, mérmese | mérmenos | not used | mérmelos, mérmelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative mermemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | mermémoste | mermémosle | mermémonos | mermémoos | mermémosles | |
| accusative | not used | mermémoste | mermémoslo, mermémosla | mermémonos | mermémoos | mermémoslos, mermémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative mermad | |||||||
| dative | mermadme | not used | mermadle | mermadnos | mermaos | mermadles | |
| accusative | mermadme | not used | mermadlo, mermadla | mermadnos | mermaos | mermadlos, mermadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative mermen | |||||||
| dative | mérmenme | not used | mérmenle | mérmennos | not used | mérmenles, mérmense | |
| accusative | mérmenme | not used | mérmenlo, mérmenla | mérmennos | not used | mérmenlos, mérmenlas, mérmense | |
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1985), “mermar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 53
Further reading
- “mermar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014