meita
Latgalian
Etymology
Uncertain. A few possibilities are:
- Borrowed from a West Germanic language (compare Middle Low German meid and Middle High German meyt).
- From Proto-Indo-European *mēy- (“soft, tender”), via an adjective in the form of *meits (“tender, loved”).
- From the verb meit (“to change”). The semantic shift would be "changing (of status, via marriage)" > "young woman about to be married" > "unmarried woman".
Akin to Latvian meita.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmʲæ̂i̯ta]
- Hyphenation: mei‧ta
Noun
meita f (diminutive meiteņa)
- daughter
- girl, lass
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | meita | meitys, meitas1) |
| genitive | meitys, meitas1) | meitu |
| dative | meitai | meitom |
| accusative | meitu | meitys, meitas1) |
| instrumental | meitu | meitom |
| locative | meitā | meituos |
| vocative | meita, meit | meitys, meitas1) |
| 1) dialectal | ||
Synonyms
- (dated) mārga
Coordinate terms
- dāls (“son”)
Derived terms
- meitine
References
- A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 10
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 10
Latvian
Etymology
Traditionally, this word is considered borrowed from Middle Low German meid (“female servant”) (or from Middle High German meyt, meyde, or Middle Dutch meit), which replaced an older Proto-Indo-European word, probably *dukte, cognate with Lithuanian duktė̃, Old Prussian duckti, Russian дочь (doč’), German Tochter, English daughter (< Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr). It has, however, been pointed out that (a) the meaning “daughter” is older (“servant” is attested only from the 19th century), which is the opposite of what should happen if it were a borrowing from Germanic; (b) the broken intonation is not usual in borrowings from Germanic; and (c) the presumed original word *dukte has left no trace in place names, dialectal forms, etc. On account of that, some researchers believe that meita is not a borrowing, but actually the original word for “daughter” in Latvian, i.e. Latvian did not derive “daughter” from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr (like Latin, which has fīlia). A possible source would be Proto-Indo-European *mēy- (“soft, tender, dear”), with an extra t; meita would have originally been the feminine form of the resulting adjective *meits (“tender, dear, loved”). Another possibility would be the same stem as mīt (“to change”): the original meaning would have been “changing (status, via marriage)” > “young woman about to get married” > “unmarried young woman; daughter.”[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɛ̂jta]
| (file) |
Noun
meita f (4th declension)
- daughter (a female child, with respect to her parents)
- māte un meita ― mother and daughter
- vecākā, jaunākā meita ― the oldest, the youngest daughter
- vienīgā meita ― the only daughter
- māsas meita ― sister's daughter (= niece)
- mātei bija divi dēli un trīs meitas ― the mother had two sons and three daughters
- onkulim ir meita, agronome Kurzemē ― uncle has a daughter, an agronomist in Courland
- (usually meitene) young, unmarried woman
- meitas dienas ― young woman's days (i.e., before marriage)
- meitas uzvārds ― maiden (lit. young woman's) name
- meža meitas ― forest girls (= mythological beings)
- meitu mednieks ― young woman hunter (a man who uses every chance to start a love affair)
- jā, viņa, mana māte, bijusi daiļa meita, un daudzi jaunekļi viņu kārojuši sev par sievu ― yes, she, my mother, was a beautiful young woman, and many young men wanted her as their wife
- “parunā gan, meit”, Pakalns dzīvi atsaucās; “tev viņi vairāk klausīs” ― “talk now, girl,” Pakalns answered lively; “they will hear you further”
- female servant, usually unmarried
- muižas meita ― mannor servant
- vasaras meita ― summer girl (= hired for the summer)
- istabas meita ― room maid
- saimniece pie tā paša brauciena gribēja apraudzīties un apklausīties pēc jaunas meitas ― the lady wanted, in the same trip, to come see and hear the new servants
- (poetic) daughter (a member of a people, ethnic group, etc.)
- dažādu tautu dēli un meitas ― the sons and daughters of various nations
Declension
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | meita | meitas |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | meitu | meitas |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | meitas | meitu |
| dative (datīvs) | meitai | meitām |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | meitu | meitām |
| locative (lokatīvs) | meitā | meitās |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | meit | meitas |
Synonyms
- (of "girl"): meitenīte
- (of "young, unmarried woman"): meita, meitene, skuķis, skuķe
- (of "female servant"): kalpone
Antonyms
- (of "daughter"): dēls
- (of "girl"): zēns, zeņķis, puika, puisis, puisēns, puisītis
- (of "female servant"): puisis, kalps
Derived terms
- brāļameita (“fraternal niece”)
- ielasmeita (“prostitute”)
- meitene, meitenīte
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “meita”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Veps
Pronoun
meita
- abessive of mö