mast

See also: Mast, MAST, masť, mást, måst, and mast-

English

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) enPR: mäst, IPA^(key): /mɑːst/
(US, Canada, Northern England) IPA^(key): /mæst/
Homophone: massed (/mæst/)
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
Rhymes: -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin mālus, Russian мо́ст (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

masts of a ship

(nautical, communication, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter). [from 9th c.]
(naval) A non-judicial punishment ("NJP"); a disciplinary hearing under which a commanding officer studies and disposes of cases involving those under his command. [from 17th c.]

Hyponyms

(tall, slim post on a ship):

cage mast
foremast
lattice mast
mainmast
military mast
mizzenmast
pagoda mast
pole mast
topmast
tripod mast

Derived terms

admiral's mast
before the mast
captain's mast
flag mast
mast bumping
masthead
mastless
meritorious mast

Translations

support of a sail

Albanian: drushtë (sq) m, shul (sq) m
Arabic: صَارِي‎ m (ṣārī)
Egyptian Arabic: صاري‎ m (ṣāri)
Armenian: կայմ (hy) (kaym)
Old Armenian: կայմ (kaym)
Middle Armenian: սարի (sari)
Aromanian: catargu n, catartu n, catrig n
Azerbaijani: dirək (az)
Basque: haga
Belarusian: ма́чта f (máčta), шчо́гла f (ščóhla)
Breton: gwern (br) f
Bulgarian: ма́чта f (máčta)
Catalan: pal (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 桅 (zh) (wéi), 桅杆 (zh) (wéigān)
Coptic: ϣⲧⲉ (šte), ⲑⲱⲕ (thōk)
Czech: stěžeň (cs) m
Danish: mast (da) c
Dutch: mast (nl) m
Esperanto: masto
Estonian: mast (et), laevamast
Faroese: mastur f
Finnish: masto (fi)
French: mât (fr) m
Galician: mastro (gl) m
Georgian: ანძა (anʒa)
German: Mast (de) m
Greek: ιστός (el) m (istós)
Ancient: ἱστός m (histós)
Greenlandic: napparut
Hawaiian: kia
Hebrew: תֹּרֶן‎ (he) m (tóren)
Hindi: मस्तूल (hi) f (mastūl)
Hungarian: árbóc (hu)
Icelandic: mastur (is) n, siglutré n, sigla (is) f
Ido: masto (io)
Italian: albero (it) m
Japanese: マスト (ja) (masuto), 帆柱 (ja) (ほばしら, hobashira)
Kazakh: тірек (tırek), мачта (maçta)
Korean: 돛대 (dotdae)
Kyrgyz: мачта (maçta)
Latin: mālus (la) m
Latvian: masts m
Lithuanian: rangautas m
Macedonian: јарбол m (jarbol), катарка f (katarka)
Malay: tiang (ms)
Maori: tiratū, tokotū, rewa
Norman: mât m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: mast (no) m
Nynorsk: mast f
Ottoman Turkish: دیرك‎ (direk)
Persian: دکل‎ (fa) (dakal)
Plautdietsch: Säajelpost m
Polish: maszt (pl) m
Portuguese: mastro (pt) m
Romanian: catarg (ro), arbore (ro)
Russian: ма́чта (ru) f (máčta), ма́шта (ru) f (mášta) (dated)
Samoan: fanā
Sanskrit: कूपक (sa) (kūpaka)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ја̑рбол m
Roman: jȃrbol (sh) m
Slovak: sťažeň m, stožiar m
Slovene: jambor (sl) m
Spanish: mástil (es) m
Swahili: mlingoti (sw)
Swedish: mast (sv) c
Tagalog: puliagan
Tajik: мачта (mačta)
Turkish: direk (tr), babafingo (tr)
Turkmen: maçta
Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎗𐎐 (trn)
Ukrainian: що́гла f (ščóhla), ма́чта f (máčta)
Uzbek: machta (uz)
Vietnamese: cột buồm (vi)
Volapük: maat (vo)
Welsh: hwylbren

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

To supply and fit a mast to (a ship). [from 16th c.]

Derived terms

demast
dismast

Translations

supply and fit a mast to a ship

Hebrew: הִתְקִין תֹּרֶן‎ (he) m (hitkin toren)
Ido: mastizar (io)
Italian: alberare (it), inalberare (it)

Etymology 2

From Old English mæst (“fallen nuts, food for swine”) and mæstan (“to fatten”), from West Germanic; probably related to meat.

Noun

mast (countable and uncountable, plural masts)

The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals. [from 10th c.]
- c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]:
  She shut them straight in sties, and gave them meat: / Oak-mast, and beech, and cornel fruit, they eat,
- 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432, lines 755–756, page 93:
  The Winter comes, and then the falling Maſt, / For greedy Swine, provides a full repaſt.
- 1715, Robert South, “A Sermon on Proverbs i. 32.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached at Several Times, and upon Several Occasions, volume IV, London: […] G. James, for Jonah Bowyer […], OCLC 863512731, pages 73–74:
  [T]hey feed and grovel like Swine under an Oak, filling themſelves with the Maſt, but never ſo much as looking up, either to the Bows that bore, or the Hands that ſhook it down.
- 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate 2012, page 162:
  He […] would begin to pick up the seed-cases or mast, squeeze each one with his fingers to see if it were fertile, and drop it if it were not.

Derived terms

mastless

Translations

fruit of forest-trees

Dutch: mast (nl) m
Finnish: tammenterhot pl (of acorns)
French: faine (fr) f (of beech tree)
German: Mast (de) f
Norwegian: olden m (archaic)
Old English: mæst m

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

(of swine and other animals) To feed on forest seed or fruit.
(agriculture, forestry, ecology, of a population of plants) To produce a very large quantity of fruit or seed in certain years but not others.
- 1985, Michael Fenner, Seed ecology, page 33:
  Any individual tree which masted in a generally non-mast year would be subjected to the exclusive attention of the seed predators and so would be selected against.
- 2004, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Christian Körner, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Forest Diversity and Function: Temperate and Boreal Systems, page 28:
  However, if this were true, all or most masting species (e.g., Fagus and Quercus) in a forest would have to mast in synchrony to be effective against generalist herbivores.
- 2008, Chris Rowthorn, Muhammad Cohen, China Williams, Borneo, page 50:
  Because dipterocarp seeds are winged and spin gracefully as they fall, the dispersal of millions of dipterocarp seeds during a masting event is one of the greatest spectacles that you can see on planet Earth.

Etymology 3

Clipping of Masteron.

Noun

mast (uncountable)

(bodybuilding slang) The anabolic steroid Drostanolone propionate, also known as Masteron

Etymology 4

From French masse, with -t probably after Etymology 1, above.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

(obsolete, billiards) A type of heavy cue, with the broad end of which one strikes the ball. [18th–19th c.]
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, chapter 74, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume II, London: Harrison and Co., […], published 1781, OCLC 316121541:
  Godfrey thus conquered, pretended to lose his temper, curs'd his own ill luck, swore that the table had a cast, and that the balls did not run true, changed his mast, and with great warmth challenged his enemy to double his sum.

Related terms

mast cell

Anagrams

AMTs, ASTM, ATMs, MTAs, Mats, Stam, amts, mats, stam, tams

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech mast, from Proto-Slavic *mastь.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈmast]
Hyphenation: mast
Rhymes: -ast

Noun

mast f

ointment

Declension

Declension of mast

	singular	plural
nominative	mast	masti
genitive	masti	mastí
dative	masti	mastem, mastím
accusative	mast	masti
vocative	masti	masti
locative	masti	mastech, mastích
instrumental	mastí	mastmi

Derived terms

mastička f

Related terms

mastit
mastný
mastnota

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑst/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: mast
Rhymes: -ɑst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch mast, from Old Dutch *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

mast (pole on a ship, to which sails can be rigged)

Derived terms

ankermast
bezaansmast
fokkemast
grote mast
hoofdmast
jagermast
kruismast
meermast
scheepsmast
zendmast

Descendants

Afrikaans: mas
Negerhollands: mast
→ Japanese: マスト

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch mast, from the root of met (“meat”), similar to German Mast.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

mast, fodder for pigs or other animals made up of acorns and beechnuts.

Anagrams

stam, tams

Estonian

Etymology

From either Middle Low German mast or German Mast.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑsʲt/

Noun

mast (genitive masti, partitive masti)

mast
(card games) suit
(poker) flush

Declension

Declension of mast (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	mast	mastid
genitive	masti	mastide
partitive	masti	maste / mastisid
illative	masti / mastisse	mastidesse / mastesse
inessive	mastis	mastides / mastes
elative	mastist	mastidest / mastest
allative	mastile	mastidele / mastele
adessive	mastil	mastidel / mastel
ablative	mastilt	mastidelt / mastelt
translative	mastiks	mastideks / masteks
terminative	mastini	mastideni
essive	mastina	mastidena
abessive	mastita	mastideta
comitative	mastiga	mastidega

Compounds

mastirida

Descendants

→ Ingrian: masti

Middle English

Adjective

mast

Alternative form of mased

Middle French

Etymology

Old French mast

Noun

mast m (plural masts)

mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

French: mât

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mast m

yoghurt

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mast (“mast”).

Noun

mast f or m (definite singular masta or masten, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

mast

Synonyms

stang

Derived terms

fokkemast
stormast
radiomast
lysmast

Alternative forms

masa, maset

Verb

mast

past participle of mase

References

“mast” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

master (non-standard since 2012)

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑst/

Noun

mast f (definite singular masta, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

mast

References

“mast” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mastь.

Noun

mast f

ointment

Declension

Declension (pattern kost)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	mas, masi	masi	masi, masě
genitive	masi, masě	masú (masou)	masí
dative	masi	masma	masem, masiem
accusative	mas, masi	masi	masi, masě
vocative	masi	masi	masi, masě
locative	masi	masú (masou)	masech, masiech
instrumental	masú (masou)	masma	masmi, masěmi

Related terms

mazati
mastný
mastnost

Descendants

Czech: mast

Old French

Alternative forms

maste

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *mast.

Noun

mast m (oblique plural maz or matz, nominative singular maz or matz, nominative plural mast)

mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

Middle French: mast
- French: mât
Norman: mât
→ Spanish: maste
- ⇒ Spanish: mástel (spelling influenced by árbol)
  - ⇒ Spanish: mástil
→ Old Portuguese: masto, maste
- Portuguese: mastro, (archaic) masto
  - ⇒ Portuguese: mastaréu

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

mēst

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *maist, from Proto-Germanic *maist, *maistaz. Cognates include Old English mǣst and Old Saxon mēst.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmaːst/

Adjective

māst

superlative degree of grāt

Adverb

māst

most

Descendants

Saterland Frisian: maast
West Frisian: meast

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mastь (Russian масть (mastʹ), Polish maść). Compare mazati.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mâːst/

Noun

mȃst f (Cyrillic spelling ма̑ст)

grease
ointment
fat
lard
schmaltz

Declension

Declension of mast

	singular	plural
nominative	mȃst	masti
genitive	masti	masti
dative	masti	mastima
accusative	mast	masti
vocative	masti	masti
locative	masti	mastima
instrumental	masti/mȃšću	mastima

References

“mast” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast, from Old Saxon *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast.

Noun

mast c

mast, tall slim structure

Declension

Declension of mast
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	mast	masten	master	masterna
Genitive	masts	mastens	masters	masternas

Anagrams

Mats, mats, samt, stam

Zazaki

Noun

mast n

yoghurt (a milk-based product thickened by a bacterium-aided curdling process)

Synonyms

most
mhost

mast

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Etymology 3

Noun

Etymology 4

Noun

Related terms

Anagrams

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Anagrams

Estonian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Compounds

Descendants

Middle English

Adjective

Middle French

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

Northern Kurdish

Noun

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Alternative forms

Verb

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Old Czech

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun