manger

See also: Manger

English

WOTD – 17 December 2011

A manger

Etymology

From Middle English manger, from Old French mangeoire, menjoere, from mangier (“to eat”) (modern French manger).

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/
- Audio (UK) (file)
Audio (AU) (file)
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/
Rhymes: -eɪndʒə(ɹ)
Hyphenation: man‧ger

Noun

manger (plural mangers)

A trough for animals to eat from.

Derived terms

dog in the manger
manger board

Related terms

mandible
mange

Translations

trough for animals to eat from

Armenian: կերատաշտ (hy) (keratašt), մսուր (hy) (msur)
Bulgarian: хранилка (bg) f (hranilka), ясли (bg) m pl (jasli)
Catalan: pessebre (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 食槽 (zh) (shícáo), 飼槽／饲槽 (zh) (sìcáo), 槽 (zh) (cáo), 馬槽／马槽 (zh) (mǎcáo)
Czech: koryto n, žlab (cs) m
Dutch: kribbe (nl)
Esperanto: kripo, staltrogo
Finnish: kaukalo (fi), seimi (fi)
French: mangeoire (fr) f
Galician: maseira (gl) f, manxadoira (gl) f, presebe (gl) m, cambeleira (gl) f
Georgian: ბაგა (ka) (baga)
German: Krippe (de) f, Trog (de) m
Gothic: 𐌿𐌶𐌴𐍄𐌰 m (uzēta)
Greek: παχνί (el) n (pachní), φάτνη (el) f (fátni)
Ancient: φάτνη f (phátnē), κάπη f (kápē)
Hebrew: אבוס‎ (he) (avos)
Hungarian: jászol (hu)
Icelandic: jata f
Italian: mangiatoia (it) f
Gamale Kham: ताँद (tā̃da)
Korean: 구유 (guyu)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ئاخوڕ‎ (axurr)
Northern Kurdish: afir (ku) m
Middle English: manger
Norwegian:
Bokmål: krybbe m or f
Plautdietsch: Kjrebb f
Polish: żłób (pl) m
Portuguese: manjedoura (pt) f
Romanian: iesle (ro) f
Russian: корму́шка (ru) f (kormúška), я́сли (ru) f pl (jásli)
Slovak: koryto (sk) n, válov m, hrant m
Slovene: jasli (sl) n pl, korito (sl) n
Spanish: pesebre (es) m
Swedish: krubba (sv) c
Turkish: yemlik (tr)
Ukrainian: годівни́ця f (hodivnýcja), я́сла (uk) pl (jásla)
Walloon: crepe (wa) f, stamonêye (wa) f, stamonire (wa) f

Anagrams

Engram, German, Magner, engram, german, ragmen

French

Etymology

From Middle French manger, from Old French mengier, from Late Latin manducāre (“to chew, devour”), present active infinitive of manducō, from Latin mandō.

See cognates : Italian mangiare, Norman maungier and mougier, Gallo mangier, Picard minger, Bourguignon maingé, Franco-Provençal mengiér, Occitan manjar, Corsican manghjà, Romanian mânca.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑ̃.ʒe/
Audio (France) (file)
(Paris) IPA^(key): [mɑ̃ː.ʒe]
Audio (France, Paris) (file)
Homophones: mangeai, mangé, mangée, mangées, mangés, mangez
Hyphenation: man‧ger

Verb

manger

(transitive) to eat
J'ai mangé de la viande pour le souper.
I ate some meat for dinner.
(intransitive) to eat
C'est bizarre que je ne mange rien.
It's strange that I don't eat anything.
Manger au restaurant.
To eat in a restaurant.

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written mange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and ranger.

Conjugation of manger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	manger
present participle or gerund¹	simple	mangeant /mɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		mangé /mɑ̃.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	mange /mɑ̃ʒ/	manges /mɑ̃ʒ/	mange /mɑ̃ʒ/	mangeons /mɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	mangez /mɑ̃.ʒe/	mangent /mɑ̃ʒ/
	imperfect	mangeais /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/	mangeais /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/	mangeait /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/	mangions /mɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	mangiez /mɑ̃.ʒje/	mangeaient /mɑ̃.ʒɛ/
	past historic²	mangeai /mɑ̃.ʒe/	mangeas /mɑ̃.ʒa/	mangea /mɑ̃.ʒa/	mangeâmes /mɑ̃.ʒam/	mangeâtes /mɑ̃.ʒat/	mangèrent /mɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/
	future	mangerai /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	mangeras /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	mangera /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	mangerons /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/	mangerez /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	mangeront /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	mangerais /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	mangerais /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	mangerait /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	mangerions /mɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	mangeriez /mɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/	mangeraient /mɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	mange /mɑ̃ʒ/	manges /mɑ̃ʒ/	mange /mɑ̃ʒ/	mangions /mɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	mangiez /mɑ̃.ʒje/	mangent /mɑ̃ʒ/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	mangeasse /mɑ̃.ʒas/	mangeasses /mɑ̃.ʒas/	mangeât /mɑ̃.ʒa/	mangeassions /mɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	mangeassiez /mɑ̃.ʒa.sje/	mangeassent /mɑ̃.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	mange /mɑ̃ʒ/	—	mangeons /mɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	mangez /mɑ̃.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

avoir mangé du lion
bête à manger du foin
ça ne mange pas de pain
faute de grives on mange des merles
il y a à boire et à manger
l'appétit vient en mangeant
la vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid
manger à sa faim
manger à tous les râteliers
manger comme quatre
manger comme un moineau
manger comme un ogre
manger les pissenlits par la racine
manger maigre
manger ses mots
manger son chapeau
manger sur le pouce
manger une volée
ne pas manger de ce pain-là
salle à manger
table à manger

Descendants

Haitian Creole: manje
→ Belizean Creole: manjeh

Noun

manger m (plural mangers)

food, foodstuff
Cette boulangérie a du manger délicat.
This bakery has elegant food
Synonyms: mange m, nourriture f, (slang) bouffe f

Anagrams

magner
gramen

Middle English

Alternative forms

mangeour, mangier, manjour, manjure, maunger, mawnger, mawnjowre

Etymology

From Old French mangeoire, from manger (“to eat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maːnˈdʒuːr/, /ˈmaːndʒər/, /mau̯n-/

Noun

manger (plural mangers)

manger
stall (animal dwelling)

Related terms

mangerie

Descendants

English: manger
Scots: manger

References

“maunǧer, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French mengier.

Verb

manger

to eat (consume food)

Conjugation

As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of manger

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	manger
present participle¹ or gerund²	simple	mangeant
present participle¹ or gerund²	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		mangé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	mange	manges	mange	mangeons	mangez	mangent
	imperfect	mangeois, mangeoys	mangeois, mangeoys	mangeoit, mangeoyt	mangions, mangyons	mangiez, mangyez	mangeoient, mangeoyent
	past historic	mangea	mangeas	mangea	mangeasmes	mangeastes	mangerent
	future	mangerai, mangeray	mangeras	mangera	mangerons	mangerez	mangeront
	conditional	mangerois, mangeroys	mangerois, mangeroys	mangeroit, mangeroyt	mangerions, mangeryons	mangeriez, mangeryez	mangeroient, mangeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	mange	manges	mange	mangeons	mangez	mangent
(simple tenses)	imperfect	mangeasse	mangeasses	mangeast	mangeassions	mangeassiez	mangeassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	mange	—	mangeons	mangez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
² The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

French: manger

Noun

manger m (plural mangers)

food (comestible solids)

Coordinate terms

boire, boyre

Old French

Verb

manger

(Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of mengier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of manger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		manger			avoir mangé
gerund		en manjant			Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle		manjant
past participle		mangé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	mange	manges	mange	manjons	mangez	mangent
	imperfect	manjoie, mangeie, manjoe, mangeve	manjoies, mangeies, manjoes, mangeves	manjoit, mangeit, manjot, mangeve	mangiiens, mangiens	mangiiez, mangiez	manjoient, mangeient, manjoent, mangevent
	preterite	manjai	manjas	manja	manjames	manjastes	mangerent
	future	mangerai	mangeras	mangera	mangerons	mangeroiz, mangereiz, mangerez	mangeront
	conditional	mangeroie, mangereie	mangeroies, mangereies	mangeroit, mangereit	mangeriiens, mangeriens	mangeriiez, mangeriez	mangeroient, mangereient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior	Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	mange	manges	mange	manjons	mangez	mangent
simple tenses	imperfect	manjasse	manjasses	manjast	mangissons, mangissiens	mangissoiz, mangissez, mangissiez	manjassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	mange	—	manjons	mangez	—

Romansch

Alternative forms

(Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader) mangiar

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French mangier, from Latin mandūcō, manducāre.

Verb

manger

(Puter) to eat

Usage notes

In standardised Rumantsch Grischun, mangiar is used for people eating and magliar for animals eating. When applied to people magliar means eating badly (eating like a pig). Some of the Romansch lects do not make this distinction (especially Sursilvan) and magliar is the usual term for human beings.

Related terms

maglier

manger

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Descendants

References

Middle French

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

Noun

Coordinate terms

Old French

Verb

Conjugation

Romansch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Usage notes

Related terms