manduco
See also: manducó and manducò
Italian
Verb
manduco
- first-person singular present indicative of manducare
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /manˈduː.koː/, [män̪ˈd̪uːkoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /manˈdu.ko/, [män̪ˈd̪uːko]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *mandnō, from Proto-Indo-European *menth₂-/*mendʰ- (“to chew”), with a phonetic development as in pandō, but with uncertain semantic development:
- De Vaan 2008 suggests "to stir > chew", as in Tocharian B mintanaṃ (“to mix (clay with water)”), Sanskrit मन्थति (mánthati, “to whirl, rub, shake”), Ossetian yzmæntyn, æzmæntun (“to shake, stir around”), Lithuanian mę̃sti (“to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѧсти (męsti, “to stir, trouble”).
- WH, IEW, LIV, Meiser refer it to "tear away", as in Sanskrit मथ्नाति (mathnāti, “to rob, snatch away; kill”), Tocharian A mäntācär (“you are injured”, 2pl.).
Cognate to Latin mandō (“I chew, bite”), Latin mandūcus (“masked figure with champing jaws”), probably also Latin māsū̆cius (“voracious”); possibly also to Latin māla, depending on its etymology.
Verb
mandūcō (present infinitive mandūcāre, perfect active mandūcāvī, supine mandūcātum); first conjugation, irregular short imperative
- (Classical Latin, deponent in Old Latin) I chew, gnaw on, masticate
- c. 100 BCE, Afranius, Fratriae (fragment XVII) in Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragmenta (volume II), Otto Ribbeck (editor), Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Leipzig 1852, page 159:
- […] facile mandūcārī quī potest.
- […] whoever can chew on it easily.
- […] facile mandūcārī quī potest.
- c. 45 BCE, Varro, De lingua Latina 7.95:
- Dictum mandier ā mandendō, unde mandūcārī […]
- Here mandier comes from mandō, whence also comes mandūcārī […]
- Dictum mandier ā mandendō, unde mandūcārī […]
- 63 CE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 95.27:
- In cēnā fit quod fierī dēbēbat in ventre: expectō iam ut mandūcāta pōnantur.
- What should be done in my stomach is now done on the table: already I expect chewed things to be placed there.
- In cēnā fit quod fierī dēbēbat in ventre: expectō iam ut mandūcāta pōnantur.
- c. 100 BCE, Afranius, Fratriae (fragment XVII) in Scaenicae Romanorum Poesis Fragmenta (volume II), Otto Ribbeck (editor), Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Leipzig 1852, page 159:
- (Late Latin, colloquial in Classical Latin) I eat
- 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2.76.2:
- Verba ipsīus ex epistulīs sunt: […] Nē Iūdaeus quidem, mī Tiberī, tam dīligenter sabbatīs ieiunium servat quam ego hodiē servāvī, quī in balineō dēmum post hōram prīmam noctis duās buccās mandūcāvī prius quam unguī inciperem.
- His [Augustus’s] own words from his letters are: […] Not even a Jew, my dear Tiberius, does the Saturday fasting as I did today, now that, at the baths, I finally ate a couple snacks at the first hour of the night, before starting with the cleaning oil.
- Verba ipsīus ex epistulīs sunt: […] Nē Iūdaeus quidem, mī Tiberī, tam dīligenter sabbatīs ieiunium servat quam ego hodiē servāvī, quī in balineō dēmum post hōram prīmam noctis duās buccās mandūcāvī prius quam unguī inciperem.
- c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 56.4:
- Nam mūtae bēstiae labōriōsissimae bovēs et ovēs: bovēs, quōrum beneficiō pānem mandūcāmus; ovēs, quod lānā illae nōs glōriōsōs faciunt.
- Oxen and sheep are quiet beasts that work exceedingly well: we eat bread as a benefit from oxen, and sheep make us look glorious with their wool.
- Nam mūtae bēstiae labōriōsissimae bovēs et ovēs: bovēs, quōrum beneficiō pānem mandūcāmus; ovēs, quod lānā illae nōs glōriōsōs faciunt.
- 4th C. CE, Saint Jerome, Vulgate, Mark 14:22:
- Et mandūcantibus illīs, accēpit Iēsūs pānem, et benedīcēns frēgit, et dedit eīs, et ait, “Sūmite; hoc est corpus meum”.
- And as they were eating, Jesus took some bread, and broke it while blessing it, and gave it to them saying, “Take it; this is my body”.
- Et mandūcantibus illīs, accēpit Iēsūs pānem, et benedīcēns frēgit, et dedit eīs, et ait, “Sūmite; hoc est corpus meum”.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of mandūcō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | mandūcō | mandūcās | mandūcat | mandūcāmus | mandūcātis | mandūcant |
| imperfect | mandūcābam | mandūcābās | mandūcābat | mandūcābāmus | mandūcābātis | mandūcābant | |
| future | mandūcābō | mandūcābis | mandūcābit | mandūcābimus | mandūcābitis | mandūcābunt | |
| perfect | mandūcāvī | mandūcāvistī | mandūcāvit | mandūcāvimus | mandūcāvistis | mandūcāvērunt, mandūcāvēre | |
| pluperfect | mandūcāveram | mandūcāverās | mandūcāverat | mandūcāverāmus | mandūcāverātis | mandūcāverant | |
| future perfect | mandūcāverō | mandūcāveris | mandūcāverit | mandūcāverimus | mandūcāveritis | mandūcāverint | |
| passive | present | mandūcor | mandūcāris, mandūcāre | mandūcātur | mandūcāmur | mandūcāminī | mandūcantur |
| imperfect | mandūcābar | mandūcābāris, mandūcābāre | mandūcābātur | mandūcābāmur | mandūcābāminī | mandūcābantur | |
| future | mandūcābor | mandūcāberis, mandūcābere | mandūcābitur | mandūcābimur | mandūcābiminī | mandūcābuntur | |
| perfect | mandūcātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | mandūcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | mandūcātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | mandūcem | mandūcēs | mandūcet | mandūcēmus | mandūcētis | mandūcent |
| imperfect | mandūcārem | mandūcārēs | mandūcāret | mandūcārēmus | mandūcārētis | mandūcārent | |
| perfect | mandūcāverim | mandūcāverīs | mandūcāverit | mandūcāverīmus | mandūcāverītis | mandūcāverint | |
| pluperfect | mandūcāvissem | mandūcāvissēs | mandūcāvisset | mandūcāvissēmus | mandūcāvissētis | mandūcāvissent | |
| passive | present | mandūcer | mandūcēris, mandūcēre | mandūcētur | mandūcēmur | mandūcēminī | mandūcentur |
| imperfect | mandūcārer | mandūcārēris, mandūcārēre | mandūcārētur | mandūcārēmur | mandūcārēminī | mandūcārentur | |
| perfect | mandūcātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | mandūcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | mandūcā | — | — | mandūcāte | — |
| future | — | mandūcātō | mandūcātō | — | mandūcātōte | mandūcantō | |
| passive | present | — | mandūcāre | — | — | mandūcāminī | — |
| future | — | mandūcātor | mandūcātor | — | — | mandūcantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | mandūcāre | mandūcāvisse | mandūcātūrum esse | mandūcārī | mandūcātum esse | mandūcātum īrī | |
| participles | mandūcāns | — | mandūcātūrus | — | mandūcātus | mandūcandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| mandūcandī | mandūcandō | mandūcandum | mandūcandō | mandūcātum | mandūcātū | ||
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: mãc, mãcari
- Istro-Romanian: măncå
- Megleno-Romanian: mănǫnc, măncare
- Romanian: mânca
- Italo-Romance:
- Central Italian: magnà
- Corsican: manghjà
- Italian: manducare, manucare, manicare (archaic or literary)
- Neapolitan: magnà
- Sicilian: manciari
- North Italian: (many borrowed from OFr. mangier)
- Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: mangiar, manger, magnar, magner
- Ligurian: mangiâ
- Lombard: mangiar, maiar, magnar
- Piedmontese: mangé
- Romagnol: magner
- Friulian: mangjâ
- Istriot: magnà
- Romansch: mangiar
- Venetian: magnar
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: mengiér
- Old French: mangier (see there for further descendants)
- Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: menjar
- Gascon: minjar, minhar
- Old Occitan: menjar
- Occitan: manjar
- Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: minchar
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: mandicare, mandigare
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin:
- *dismandūcō
- French: démanger
- Piedmontese: dzmangé
- *exmandūcō
- Emilian: smangiar
- Ligurian: smangiâ
- Lombard: smangiar
- Piedmontese: smangié
- *dismandūcō
- Borrowings:
- → English: manducate
- → Esperanto: manĝi
- → Ido: manjar
- → Interlingua: manducar
- → Portuguese: manducar
- → Spanish: manducar
Etymology 2
mandūcō + -ō (“agent noun marker”).
Noun
mandūcō m (genitive mandūcōnis); third declension (rare)
- glutton
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mandūcō | mandūcōnēs |
| Genitive | mandūcōnis | mandūcōnum |
| Dative | mandūcōnī | mandūcōnibus |
| Accusative | mandūcōnem | mandūcōnēs |
| Ablative | mandūcōne | mandūcōnibus |
| Vocative | mandūcō | mandūcōnēs |
References
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 680: “se ti pizzica” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mandō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
- “mandūcō” in volume 8, column 273, line 72 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “manducare”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 384
- prudere in Dizionario dei Dialetti
- prudere in TIG
Further reading
- “manduco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- manduco in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- manduco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɐ̃ˈdu.ku/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Konkani [script needed] (māṇḍūk), from Sanskrit मण्डूक (maṇḍūka).
Noun
manduco m (plural manducos)
- (India, Macau) a species of edible freshwater frog
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Kabuverdianu manduku.
Noun
manduco m (plural manducos)
- (Africa, especially Cape Verde) club (heavy stick used as a weapon)
- Synonyms: cajado, cacete, porrete
Spanish
Verb
manduco
- first-person singular present indicative of manducar