mandarin
English
Pronunciation
- (General American, Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - (UK, General Australian) IPA(key): /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/
- Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
Etymology 1
From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix).
In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人/满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).
Noun
mandarin (plural mandarins)
- (historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]
- 1991, Mullin, Chris, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, OCLC 26471461, page 252:
- LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.
-
- A pedantic or elitist bureaucrat.
- (often derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.
- 1966, "The Beauty of His Malice", Time:
- Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.
- 2021, Peter S. Canellos, Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump, in: Politico, June 23 2021
- When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]
- 1966, "The Beauty of His Malice", Time:
- (ornithology) Ellipsis of mandarin duck.
- (informal, Britain) A senior civil servant.
Derived terms
- mandarinal
- mandarinate
- mandarinism
- mandarinship
Descendants
- → Irish: mandairín
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Adjective
mandarin (comparative more mandarin, superlative most mandarin)
- Pertaining to or reminiscent of mandarins; deliberately superior or complex; esoteric, highbrow, obscurantist. [from 20th c.]
- 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society 2010, p. 58:
- A mandarin impassivity had descended over Smiley's face. The earlier emotion was quite gone.
- 2007, Marina Warner, ‘Doubly Damned’, London Review of Books 29:3, p. 26:
- Though alert to riddles' strong roots in vernacular narrative, Cook's tastes are mandarin, and she gives a loving account of Wallace Stevens's meditations on the life of poetic images and simile […].
- 1979, John Le Carré, Smiley's People, Folio Society 2010, p. 58:
Etymology 2
From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun
mandarin (plural mandarins)
- Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
- A small, sweet citrus fruit.
- A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.
- (color) An orange colour.
- mandarin:
Hypernyms
- fruit
- citrus
Translations
Further reading
- mandarin on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- Mirandan
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
Borrowed from Spanish mandarín.
Noun
mandarin
- mandarin (fruit)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | mandarin | mandarinler |
genitive | mandarinniñ | mandarinlerniñ |
dative | mandaringe | mandarinlerge |
accusative | mandarinni | mandarinlerni |
locative | mandarinde | mandarinlerde |
ablative | mandarinden | mandarinlerden |
References
- Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
Danish
Etymology
From Portuguese mandarim.
Noun
mandarin c (singular definite mandarinen, plural indefinite mandariner)
- mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)
- mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)
Inflection
common gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinen | mandariner | mandarinerne |
genitive | mandarins | mandarinens | mandariners | mandarinernes |
Noun
mandarin n
- Mandarin
References
- “mandarin” in Den Danske Ordbog
Faroese
Etymology
From Danish mandarin, from Dutch mandorijn or Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, from Hindi मन्त्रि (mantri), from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, “an agent suffix”).
Noun
mandarin f (genitive singular mandarinar, plural mandarinir)
- mandarin orange, mandarin (a small, sweet citrus fruit)
Declension
Declension of mandarin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinin | mandarinir | mandarinirnar |
accusative | mandarin | mandarinina | mandarinir | mandarinirnar |
dative | mandarin | mandarinini | mandarinum | mandarinunum |
genitive | mandarinar | mandarinarinnar | mandarina | mandarinanna |
Noun
mandarin n (genitive singular mandarins)
- Mandarin
Declension
Singular | |
Indefinite | |
Nominative | mandarin |
Accusative | mandarin |
Dative | mandarini |
Genitive | mandarins |
See also
- mandarinur
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɑ̃.da.ʁɛ̃/
Audio (file)
Adjective
mandarin (feminine mandarine, masculine plural mandarins, feminine plural mandarines)
- mandarin (of the former Chinese empire)
Derived terms
- diamant mandarin
Descendants
- → Breton: mandarin
- → Greek: μανδαρίνος (mandarínos)
Noun
mandarin m (uncountable)
- Mandarin (language)
Further reading
- “mandarin”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɒndɒrin]
- Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
- Rhymes: -in
Etymology 1
An internationalism mainly via German, originally from Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri.[1]
Noun
mandarin (countable and uncountable, plural mandarinok)
- (historical) mandarin
- Mandarin (language)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinok |
accusative | mandarint | mandarinokat |
dative | mandarinnak | mandarinoknak |
instrumental | mandarinnal | mandarinokkal |
causal-final | mandarinért | mandarinokért |
translative | mandarinná | mandarinokká |
terminative | mandarinig | mandarinokig |
essive-formal | mandarinként | mandarinokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mandarinban | mandarinokban |
superessive | mandarinon | mandarinokon |
adessive | mandarinnál | mandarinoknál |
illative | mandarinba | mandarinokba |
sublative | mandarinra | mandarinokra |
allative | mandarinhoz | mandarinokhoz |
elative | mandarinból | mandarinokból |
delative | mandarinról | mandarinokról |
ablative | mandarintól | mandarinoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | mandariné | mandarinoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | mandarinéi | mandarinokéi |
Possessive forms of mandarin | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mandarinom | mandarinjaim |
2nd person sing. | mandarinod | mandarinjaid |
3rd person sing. | mandarinja | mandarinjai |
1st person plural | mandarinunk | mandarinjaink |
2nd person plural | mandarinotok | mandarinjaitok |
3rd person plural | mandarinjuk | mandarinjaik |
Etymology 2
An internationalism mainly via German, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun
mandarin (plural mandarinok)
- mandarin, mandarin orange (fruit)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | mandarin | mandarinok |
accusative | mandarint | mandarinokat |
dative | mandarinnak | mandarinoknak |
instrumental | mandarinnal | mandarinokkal |
causal-final | mandarinért | mandarinokért |
translative | mandarinná | mandarinokká |
terminative | mandarinig | mandarinokig |
essive-formal | mandarinként | mandarinokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | mandarinban | mandarinokban |
superessive | mandarinon | mandarinokon |
adessive | mandarinnál | mandarinoknál |
illative | mandarinba | mandarinokba |
sublative | mandarinra | mandarinokra |
allative | mandarinhoz | mandarinokhoz |
elative | mandarinból | mandarinokból |
delative | mandarinról | mandarinokról |
ablative | mandarintól | mandarinoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | mandariné | mandarinoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | mandarinéi | mandarinokéi |
Possessive forms of mandarin | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | mandarinom | mandarinjaim |
2nd person sing. | mandarinod | mandarinjaid |
3rd person sing. | mandarinja | mandarinjai |
1st person plural | mandarinunk | mandarinjaink |
2nd person plural | mandarinotok | mandarinjaitok |
3rd person plural | mandarinjuk | mandarinjaik |
References
- mandarin in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- (Chinese government bureaucrat): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (mandarin orange): mandarin in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [manˈdarɪn]
- Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
Etymology 1
From Portuguese mandarim (“mandarin”), from Malay menteri (“minister”), from Sanskrit मन्त्री (mantrī, “minister”). Doublet of manti, mantri, and menteri.
Noun
mandarin (first-person possessive mandarinku, second-person possessive mandarinmu, third-person possessive mandarinnya)
- mandarin,
- (historical) a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire [from 1580s].
- Mandarin, the language of those official, which is the official language of China and Taiwan.
Etymology 2
From English mandarin (“mandarin orange”), from French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.
Noun
mandarin (first-person possessive mandarinku, second-person possessive mandarinmu, third-person possessive mandarinnya)
- mandarin orange
Further reading
- “mandarin” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.
Noun
mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandariner, definite plural mandarinene)
- (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
- a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
- (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange
References
- “mandarin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), Malay menteri, manteri, and Portuguese mandarim.
Noun
mandarin m (definite singular mandarinen, indefinite plural mandarinar, definite plural mandarinane)
- (uncountable) Mandarin (official language in China)
- a mandarin ((formerly) a Chinese official; (now) a bureaucrat)
- (fruit) a mandarin or mandarin orange
References
- “mandarin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian
Etymology
From French mandarin.
Noun
mandarin m (plural mandarini)
- mandarin
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) mandarin | mandarinul | (niște) mandarini | mandarinii |
genitive/dative | (unui) mandarin | mandarinului | (unor) mandarini | mandarinilor |
vocative | mandarinule | mandarinilor |
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mandǎriːn/
- Hyphenation: man‧da‧rin
Noun
mandàrīn m (Cyrillic spelling манда̀рӣн)
- mandarin (Chinese Imperial bureaucrat)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | mandàrīn | mandarini |
genitive | mandarína | mandarina |
dative | mandarinu | mandarinima |
accusative | mandarina | mandarine |
vocative | mandarine | mandarini |
locative | mandarinu | mandarinima |
instrumental | mandarinom | mandarinima |
Swedish
Etymology
From Portuguese mandarim.
Noun
mandarin c or n
- (common) mandarin orange
- (common, historical) mandarin; a high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.
- (uncountable, neuter) Mandarin
Declension
Declension of mandarin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mandarin | mandarinen | mandariner | mandarinerna |
Genitive | mandarins | mandarinens | mandariners | mandarinernas |
Declension of mandarin 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | mandarin | mandarinet | — | — |
Genitive | mandarins | mandarinets | — | — |
Derived terms
- mandarinsk