makan
See also: makán, mákan, and Makan
Banjarese
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Verb
makan
- to eat (consume)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ma.kan/
- Hyphenation: ma‧kan
- Rhymes: -akan, -kan, -an
Etymology 1
From Malay makan, from Old Malay mākan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Verb
makan
- infinitive, imperative and colloquial of memakan (“to eat; to consume”)
- (transitive, figurative, colloquial) work properly
- Untung saja remnya makan kalau tidak matilah kau. ― You're lucky that the brake worked properly otherwise you would be dead.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of makan (meN-, absolute transitive) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root | makan | ||||
| Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
| Active | memakan | termakan | dimakan | makan | makanlah |
| Locative | mempermakan | terpermakan | dipermakan | permakan | permakanlah |
| Causative / Applicative1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Causative | |||||
| Locative | – | – | – | – | – |
| Causative / Applicative1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. | |||||
Derived terms
- dimakan (“to be eaten”)
- makanan (“food”)
- makan-makan
- makan malam (“dinner”)
- makan pagi (“breakfast”)
- makan siang (“lunch”)
- memakani
- memakan (“to eat”)
- pemakan (“eater”)
- termakan
Compounds
- makan ampun
- makan angin
- makan arwah
- makan asam garam
- makan ayapan
- makan bawang
- makan bebas
- makan benak
- makan berkancah
- makan berpantang
- makan berulam
- makan besar
- makan biaya
- makan darah
- makan dati
- makan dawai
- makan dedak
- makan diri
- makan duit
- makan emas
- makan gaji
- makan hak
- makan hati
- makan jangat
- makan kawan sendiri
- makan kawat
- makan kerawat
- makan keringat orang
- makan kuli
- makan lewah
- makan malam
- makan mewah
- makan ongkos
- makan pagi
- makan pena
- makan riba
- makan sehat
- makan sekolah
- makan sepinggan
- makan sepuasnya
- makan siang
- makan sogok
- makan suap
- makan sumpah
- makan tali
- makan tanah
- makan tangan
- makan tidur
- makan tulang
- makan uang
- makan upah
- makan waktu
Etymology 2
Clipping of makanan
Noun
makan
- (transitive, figurative) living; sustenance
- Synonyms: nafkah, penghidupan, rezeki
- (colloquial) apocopic form of makanan (“food; sustenance”)
Further reading
- “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /makan/
- Rhymes: -kan, -an
Verb
makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)
- to eat
- consume, spend
- to injure or penetrate
- (impersonal) to work as expected
- fit in
- to follow (an advice)
- to receive bribes or illegally obtained money
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
- makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
- memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
- dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
- bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- makan malam
- makan siang
- makan angin
- makan angkat
- makan suap
Descendants
- Indonesian: makan
Further reading
- “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Swedish
Noun
makan
- definite singular of maka.