maidid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *madyeti (“to break”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to drip, ooze; grease, fat”), though the semantic connection is difficult.[1] The reduplicated preterite and future stems in meb- /mʲev-/ are dissimilated from mem- /mʲeṽ-/.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmaðʲiðʲ]
Verb
maidid (conjunct ·maid, ·maith or ·moith, verbal noun maidm)
- (intransitive) to break, to burst
- c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 3617
- Do·lotar do fásguba[e] fairseom ó Medb co roimsitis a fuile fair […]
- [The handmaidens] came to [Cú Chulainn] from Medb to falsely lament over him so that his wounds would burst open [by enraging him]...
- c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 3617
- (impersonal, with ré + the person defeating and/or for + the person being defeated) to defeat, to rout
- c. 750-800, Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 5
- Do·bert Cormac sluago forsna Déisse ⁊ ro·mebdatar secht catha for(th)u ria n-Óengus co maccaib a bráthar .i. Russ ⁊ Eogan.
- Cormac sent hosts against the Deisi, who were routed after seven battles by Óengus and the sons of his brother, to wit, Russ and Eogan.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 89c11
- Mani ro{i}ma fora cenn, ní mema forsna bullu.
- If their head is not defeated, the members will not be defeated.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51c9
- is in núall do·ngníat hó ru·maith for a náimtea remib
- it is the cry that they make when their enemies are defeated by them
- c. 750-800, Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 5
Inflection
Simple, class B II present, reduplicated preterite, s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | maidit | |||||||
| Conj. | ·maid, ·moith; ru·maith (ro-form) | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | memdaitir | |||||||
| Conj. | ·memaid, ·mmemaid, ·mebaid, ·mmebaid | ·mebdatar | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·mmemaid, co·mmebaid | |||||||
| Prot. | ·róemid, ·rróemid | ·raimdetar | |||||||
| Future | Abs. | memais, mebais | mebusmet | ||||||
| Conj. | ·mema, ·mmema; ·roíma (ro-form) | ·memsam | ·memsat, ·mebsat | ||||||
| Rel. | memsite | ||||||||
| Conditional | ·mebsad | ·mebsaitis | |||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | máis | |||||||
| Conj. | ·má, ·mǽ; ·roma (ro-form) | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·maissed | ·roimsitis (ro-form) | |||||||
| Imperative | maided | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | maidm | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- do·maid
Related terms
- díumaidm
Descendants
- Irish: maígh, maidhm (denominal re-formation from the verbal noun)
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| maidid also mmaidid after a proclitic | maidid pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/ | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 251–52
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “maidid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 574
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 465