mahtaa
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *mašta-. Cognates include Estonian mahtuma, Erzya and Moksha маштомс (maštoms), Eastern Mari мошташ (moštaš), Khanty мөтшә- (môtšə-), and Mansi мостль- (mostlʹ-).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑːˣ/, [ˈmɑxt̪ɑː(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
- Syllabification(key): mah‧taa
Verb
mahtaa
- (intransitive, auxiliary + infinitive) must do, to probably (do)
- Mahdat olla nälkäinen.
- You must be hungry.
- (transitive) to be able to, can do (about something = allative)
- En mahda sille mitään.
- There's nothing I can do about it.
Conjugation
| Inflection of mahtaa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mahdan | en mahda | 1st sing. | olen mahtanut | en ole mahtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | mahdat | et mahda | 2nd sing. | olet mahtanut | et ole mahtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mahtaa | ei mahda | 3rd sing. | on mahtanut | ei ole mahtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mahdamme | emme mahda | 1st plur. | olemme mahtaneet | emme ole mahtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mahdatte | ette mahda | 2nd plur. | olette mahtaneet | ette ole mahtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mahtavat | eivät mahda | 3rd plur. | ovat mahtaneet | eivät ole mahtaneet | |
| passive | mahdetaan | ei mahdeta | passive | on mahdettu | ei ole mahdettu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mahdoin | en mahtanut | 1st sing. | olin mahtanut | en ollut mahtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | mahdoit | et mahtanut | 2nd sing. | olit mahtanut | et ollut mahtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mahtoi | ei mahtanut | 3rd sing. | oli mahtanut | ei ollut mahtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mahdoimme | emme mahtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme mahtaneet | emme olleet mahtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mahdoitte | ette mahtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte mahtaneet | ette olleet mahtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mahtoivat | eivät mahtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat mahtaneet | eivät olleet mahtaneet | |
| passive | mahdettiin | ei mahdettu | passive | oli mahdettu | ei ollut mahdettu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mahtaisin | en mahtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin mahtanut | en olisi mahtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | mahtaisit | et mahtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit mahtanut | et olisi mahtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mahtaisi | ei mahtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi mahtanut | ei olisi mahtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mahtaisimme | emme mahtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme mahtaneet | emme olisi mahtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mahtaisitte | ette mahtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte mahtaneet | ette olisi mahtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mahtaisivat | eivät mahtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat mahtaneet | eivät olisi mahtaneet | |
| passive | mahdettaisiin | ei mahdettaisi | passive | olisi mahdettu | ei olisi mahdettu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | mahda | älä mahda | 2nd sing. | ole mahtanut | älä ole mahtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mahtakoon | älköön mahtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon mahtanut | älköön olko mahtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mahtakaamme | älkäämme mahtako | 1st plur. | olkaamme mahtaneet | älkäämme olko mahtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mahtakaa | älkää mahtako | 2nd plur. | olkaa mahtaneet | älkää olko mahtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mahtakoot | älkööt mahtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot mahtaneet | älkööt olko mahtaneet | |
| passive | mahdettakoon | älköön mahdettako | passive | olkoon mahdettu | älköön olko mahdettu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | mahtanen | en mahtane | 1st sing. | lienen mahtanut | en liene mahtanut | |
| 2nd sing. | mahtanet | et mahtane | 2nd sing. | lienet mahtanut | et liene mahtanut | |
| 3rd sing. | mahtanee | ei mahtane | 3rd sing. | lienee mahtanut | ei liene mahtanut | |
| 1st plur. | mahtanemme | emme mahtane | 1st plur. | lienemme mahtaneet | emme liene mahtaneet | |
| 2nd plur. | mahtanette | ette mahtane | 2nd plur. | lienette mahtaneet | ette liene mahtaneet | |
| 3rd plur. | mahtanevat | eivät mahtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät mahtaneet | eivät liene mahtaneet | |
| passive | mahdettaneen | ei mahdettane | passive | lienee mahdettu | ei liene mahdettu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | mahtaa | present | mahtava | mahdettava | ||
| long 1st2 | mahtaakseen | past | mahtanut | mahdettu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | mahtaessa | mahdettaessa | agent1, 3 | mahtama | |
| instructive | mahtaen | — | negative | mahtamaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | mahtamassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | mahtamasta | — | ||||
| illative | mahtamaan | — | ||||
| adessive | mahtamalla | — | ||||
| abessive | mahtamatta | — | ||||
| instructive | mahtaman | mahdettaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | mahtaminen | ||||
| partitive | mahtamista | |||||
| 5th2 | mahtamaisillaan | |||||
Synonyms
- (must) taitaa
Derived terms
- adjectives: mahtava
- verbs: passive mahtua, mahtailla
See also
- mahti
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑxt̪ɑː]
- Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
- Syllabification(key): mah‧taa
Verb
mahtaa
- third-person singular present indicative of mahtaa
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *mahtadak. Cognates include Finnish mahtaa and Estonian mahtuda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈmɑhtɑː/, [ˈmɑhtɑː]
- Rhymes: -ɑhtɑː
- Hyphenation: mah‧taa
Verb
mahtaa
- (auxiliary) to be able to (to have the knowledge to)
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 64:
- Jo nyt mahan lukkia.
- Now I can read.
- 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking [our] own way]”, in Inkeri, volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
- Möö veel läkkäämmä omal viisii, a olliit mokkomat akat, miä veel muissan, miä olin pikkutyttö, höö vennäheks evät mahtanehet läätä.
- We still speak in our own way, but there were such old women, I still remember, I was a little girl, they couldn't speak Russian.
-
Conjugation
| Conjugation of mahtaa (type 4/antaa, t- gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | mahan | en maha | 1st singular | oon mahtant, oon mahtanut | en oo mahtant, en oo mahtanut |
| 2nd singular | mahat | et maha | 2nd singular | oot mahtant, oot mahtanut | et oo mahtant, et oo mahtanut |
| 3rd singular | mahtaa | ei maha | 3rd singular | ono mahtant, ono mahtanut | ei oo mahtant, ei oo mahtanut |
| 1st plural | mahamma | emmä maha | 1st plural | oomma mahtanneet | emmä oo mahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | mahatta | että maha | 2nd plural | ootta mahtanneet | että oo mahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | mahtaat1), mahtavat2), mahetaa | evät maha | 3rd plural | ovat mahtanneet | evät oo mahtanneet |
| impersonal | mahetaa | ei maheta | impersonal | ono mahettu | ei oo mahettu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | mahoin | en mahtant, en mahtanut | 1st singular | olin mahtant, olin mahtanut | en olt mahtant, en olt mahtanut |
| 2nd singular | mahoit | et mahtant, et mahtanut | 2nd singular | olit mahtant, olit mahtanut | et olt mahtant, et olt mahtanut |
| 3rd singular | mahtoi | ei mahtant, ei mahtanut | 3rd singular | oli mahtant, oli mahtanut | ei olt mahtant, ei olt mahtanut |
| 1st plural | mahoimma | emmä mahtanneet | 1st plural | olimma mahtanneet | emmä olleet mahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | mahoitta | että mahtanneet | 2nd plural | olitta mahtanneet | että olleet mahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | mahtoit1), mahtoivat2), mahettii | evät mahtanneet | 3rd plural | olivat mahtanneet | evät olleet mahtanneet |
| impersonal | mahettii | ei mahettu | impersonal | oli mahettu | ei olt mahettu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | mahtaisin | en mahtais | 1st singular | olisin mahtant, olisin mahtanut | en olis mahtant, en olis mahtanut |
| 2nd singular | mahtaisit, mahtaist1) | et mahtais | 2nd singular | olisit mahtant, olisit mahtanut | et olis mahtant, et olis mahtanut |
| 3rd singular | mahtais | ei mahtais | 3rd singular | olis mahtant, olis mahtanut | ei olis mahtant, ei olis mahtanut |
| 1st plural | mahtaisimma | emmä mahtais | 1st plural | olisimma mahtanneet | emmä olis mahtanneet |
| 2nd plural | mahtaisitta | että mahtais | 2nd plural | olisitta mahtanneet | että olis mahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | mahtaisiit1), mahtaisivat2), mahettais | evät mahtais | 3rd plural | olisivat mahtanneet | evät olis mahtanneet |
| impersonal | mahettais | ei mahettais | impersonal | olis mahettu | ei olis mahettu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | maha | elä maha | 2nd singular | oo mahtant, oo mahtanut | elä oo mahtant, elä oo mahtanut |
| 3rd singular | mahtakoo | elköö mahtako | 3rd singular | olkoo mahtant, olkoo mahtanut | elköö olko mahtant, elköö olko mahtanut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | mahtakaa | elkää mahtako | 2nd plural | olkaa mahtanneet | elkää olko mahtanneet |
| 3rd plural | mahtakoot | elkööt mahtako | 3rd plural | olkoot mahtanneet | elkööt olko mahtanneet |
| impersonal | mahettakkoo | elköö mahettako | impersonal | olkoo mahettu | elköö olko mahettu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | mahtanen | en mahtane | |||
| 2nd singular | mahtanet | et mahtane | |||
| 3rd singular | mahtanoo | ei mahtane | |||
| 1st plural | mahtanemma | emmä mahtane | |||
| 2nd plural | mahtanetta | että mahtane | |||
| 3rd plural | mahtanoot | evät mahtane | |||
| impersonal | mahettannoo | ei mahettane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | mahtaa | present | mahtava | mahettava | |
| 2nd | inessive | mahtajees | past | mahtant, mahtanut | mahettu |
| instructive | mahtaen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (mahtakaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | mahtamaa | |||
| inessive | mahtamaas | ||||
| elative | mahtamast | ||||
| abessive | mahtamata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | mahtamiin | |||
| partitive | mahtamista, mahtamist | ||||
Synonyms
- tuntaa, tuntia, osata, tiitää
See also
- voija, jaksaa, saavva
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 291