machucar
Galician
Alternative forms
- amachucar, machacar
Etymology
Attested since circa 1300. Probably from machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mat͡ʃuˈkaɾ/
Verb
machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuquei, past participle machucado)
- (transitive) to hurt; to injure with a blunt weapon
- Synonym: magoar
- (transitive) to squash, crush, smash
- Synonym: esmagar
Conjugation
- Note: machuc- are changed to machuqu- before front vowels (e).
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
impersonal | machucar | |||||
personal | machucar | machucares | machucar | machucarmos | machucardes | machucaren |
Gerund | ||||||
machucando | ||||||
Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | machucado | machucados | ||||
feminine | machucada | machucadas | ||||
Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | machuco | machucas | machuca | machucamos | machucades | machucan |
imperfect | machucaba | machucabas | machucaba | machucabamos | machucabades | machucaban |
preterite | machuquei | machucaches | machucou | machucamos | machucastes | machucaron |
pluperfect | machucara | machucaras | machucara | machucaramos | machucarades | machucaran |
future | machucarei | machucarás | machucará | machucaremos | machucaredes | machucarán |
conditional | machucaría | machucarías | machucaría | machucariamos | machucariades | machucarían |
Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
present | machuque | machuques | machuque | machuquemos | machuquedes | machuquen |
preterite | machucase | machucases | machucase | machucásemos | machucásedes | machucasen |
future | machucar | machucares | machucar | machucarmos | machucardes | machucaren |
Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
affirmative | – | machuca | machuque | machuquemos | machucade | machuquen |
negative | – | machuques | machuque | machuquemos | machuquedes | machuquen |
Related terms
- machar
- macho
References
- “machucar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “machuca” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “machucar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “machucar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “machucar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From the verb machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”). Compare Spanish machucar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ʁ)/ [ma.ʃuˈka(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ʁ)/ [ma.ʃuˈka(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ma.ʃuˈka(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /mɐ.ʃuˈkaɾ/
Verb
machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuquei, past participle machucado)
- (transitive) to hurt (to cause physical pain)
- Synonyms: ferir, magoar
- 1973, Nelson Cavaquinho; Guilherme de Brito (lyrics and music), “A Flor e o Espinho”:
- Hoje pra você eu sou espinho / Espinho não machuca flor
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- (transitive, figurative) to hurt (to cause emotional pain)
- Synonyms: ofender, magoar
- 1975, Juarez Santiago; Alonso da Modinha (lyrics and music), “Ainda gosto dela”, performed by Jacinto Silva:
- Se ela sentisse saudade / Não me machucava assim / Só porque eu gosto dela / E ela não gosta de mim
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | machucar | |||||
Personal | machucar | machucares | machucar | machucarmos | machucardes | machucarem |
Gerund | ||||||
machucando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | machucado | machucados | ||||
Feminine | machucada | machucadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | machuco | machucas | machuca | machucamos | machucais | machucam |
Imperfect | machucava | machucavas | machucava | machucávamos | machucáveis | machucavam |
Preterite | machuquei | machucaste | machucou | machucamos1, machucámos2 | machucastes | machucaram |
Pluperfect | machucara | machucaras | machucara | machucáramos | machucáreis | machucaram |
Future | machucarei | machucarás | machucará | machucaremos | machucareis | machucarão |
Conditional | ||||||
machucaria | machucarias | machucaria | machucaríamos | machucaríeis | machucariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | machuque | machuques | machuque | machuquemos | machuqueis | machuquem |
Imperfect | machucasse | machucasses | machucasse | machucássemos | machucásseis | machucassem |
Future | machucar | machucares | machucar | machucarmos | machucardes | machucarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | machuca | machuque | machuquemos | machucai | machuquem | |
Negative (não) | não machuques | não machuque | não machuquemos | não machuqueis | não machuquem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Further reading
- “machucar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “machucar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From the verb machar (“to grind”), from macho (“mallet”), from Latin marculus (“small hammer”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mat͡ʃuˈkaɾ/ [ma.t͡ʃuˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ma‧chu‧car
Verb
machucar (first-person singular present machuco, first-person singular preterite machuqué, past participle machucado)
- to squash, crush
- to bruise
Conjugation
infinitive | machucar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | machucando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | machucado | machucada | |||||
plural | machucados | machucadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | machuco | machucastú machucásvos | machuca | machucamos | machucáis | machucan | |
imperfect | machucaba | machucabas | machucaba | machucábamos | machucabais | machucaban | |
preterite | machuqué | machucaste | machucó | machucamos | machucasteis | machucaron | |
future | machucaré | machucarás | machucará | machucaremos | machucaréis | machucarán | |
conditional | machucaría | machucarías | machucaría | machucaríamos | machucaríais | machucarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | machuque | machuquestú machuquésvos2 | machuque | machuquemos | machuquéis | machuquen | |
imperfect (ra) | machucara | machucaras | machucara | machucáramos | machucarais | machucaran | |
imperfect (se) | machucase | machucases | machucase | machucásemos | machucaseis | machucasen | |
future1 | machucare | machucares | machucare | machucáremos | machucareis | machucaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | machucatú machucávos | machuque | machuquemos | machucad | machuquen | ||
negative | no machuques | no machuque | no machuquemos | no machuquéis | no machuquen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive machucar | |||||||
dative | machucarme | machucarte | machucarle, machucarse | machucarnos | machucaros | machucarles, machucarse | |
accusative | machucarme | machucarte | machucarlo, machucarla, machucarse | machucarnos | machucaros | machucarlos, machucarlas, machucarse | |
with gerund machucando | |||||||
dative | machucándome | machucándote | machucándole, machucándose | machucándonos | machucándoos | machucándoles, machucándose | |
accusative | machucándome | machucándote | machucándolo, machucándola, machucándose | machucándonos | machucándoos | machucándolos, machucándolas, machucándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative machuca | |||||||
dative | machúcame | machúcate | machúcale | machúcanos | not used | machúcales | |
accusative | machúcame | machúcate | machúcalo, machúcala | machúcanos | not used | machúcalos, machúcalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative machucá | |||||||
dative | machucame | machucate | machucale | machucanos | not used | machucales | |
accusative | machucame | machucate | machucalo, machucala | machucanos | not used | machucalos, machucalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative machuque | |||||||
dative | machúqueme | not used | machúquele, machúquese | machúquenos | not used | machúqueles | |
accusative | machúqueme | not used | machúquelo, machúquela, machúquese | machúquenos | not used | machúquelos, machúquelas | |
with first-person plural imperative machuquemos | |||||||
dative | not used | machuquémoste | machuquémosle | machuquémonos | machuquémoos | machuquémosles | |
accusative | not used | machuquémoste | machuquémoslo, machuquémosla | machuquémonos | machuquémoos | machuquémoslos, machuquémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative machucad | |||||||
dative | machucadme | not used | machucadle | machucadnos | machucaos | machucadles | |
accusative | machucadme | not used | machucadlo, machucadla | machucadnos | machucaos | machucadlos, machucadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative machuquen | |||||||
dative | machúquenme | not used | machúquenle | machúquennos | not used | machúquenles, machúquense | |
accusative | machúquenme | not used | machúquenlo, machúquenla | machúquennos | not used | machúquenlos, machúquenlas, machúquense |
Derived terms
- machucador
- machucadura
- machucamiento
- machucón
Descendants
- → Catalan: matxucar
Further reading
- “machucar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014