m'
See also: Appendix:Variations of "m"
English
Pronoun
m'
- (archaic) Clitic form of my.
- (poetic, rare) Prevocalic form of my.
Derived terms
- m'lady
- m'lord
Catalan
Pronoun
m'
- Contraction of em.
Usage notes
- m' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.
- M'avorreixo. ― I'm bored.
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
| strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | ||||
| 1st person | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu | ||
| 1st person majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | ||
| 2nd person formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
| 2nd person very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person neuter | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
| 2nd person formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
| adverbial | ||||||||
| ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | ||||||
| locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
| 1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person. | 3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. | |||||||
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /m‿/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
m'
- prevocalic form of me
- Je m'appelle Marcel. — I'm called Marcel.
- (in certain contexts) prevocalic form of moi
- Donne-m'en deux. — Give me two.
Related terms
French personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) | Accusative (direct complement) | Dative (indirect complement) | Locative (at) | Genitive (of) | Disjunctive (tonic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
| Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
| Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
| Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
| Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
| Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
| Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
| Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
| Feminine | elles | elles | ||||||
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Further reading
- “m'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Haitian Creole
Etymology
Contraction of mwen, from French moi.
Pronoun
m'
- Alternative spelling of m; Contraction of mwen.
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mˠ/ (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu)
- IPA(key): /mʲ/ (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi)
Determiner
m' (triggers lenition of a following noun)
- Apocopic form of mo
See also
Irish personal pronouns
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) | Disjunctive (emphatic) | Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) | mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 | thú (thusa) | do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) | é (eisean) | a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) | í (ise) | a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) | ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 | bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) | iad (iadsan) | a E | |
L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis
1 Also used as the vocative
The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.Italian
Pronoun
m' (apocopated)
- Apocopic form of mi
Usage notes
Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.
See also
Italian personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
| second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
| third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' | |
| f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
| Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
| second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
| third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 | glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' | |
| f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
| 1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
| 2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
| 3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
| 4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | |||||||||
Middle French
Pronoun
m' (apocopate)
- (before vowel sound) Apocopic form of me
Usage notes
- The apostrophe may be omitted in older manuscripts
- il menvoia ― he sent me
Old French
Pronoun
m'
- prevocalic form of me (“me, myself”)
- prevocalic form of mon, ma (“my, mine”)
- 13th century, Herman de Valenciennes, Assomption Nostre Dame, page 7, column 2, lines 16-17:
- ceo sacez m'amie tuit cil que te requerunt
a tun commandement merci auvrunt- this you know, my friend, that all those who are looking for you
upon your command will have mercy
- this you know, my friend, that all those who are looking for you
-
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /m/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /mʲ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Determiner
m' (triggers lenition of a following noun)
- Apocopic form of mo
Sassarese
Pronoun
m'
- Apocopic form of mi, used before a vowel
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /m/
Determiner
m'
- Apocopic form of mo
See also
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + C | + V | + C | + V | |
| First person | moL | m' | ar | arN |
| Second person | doL | d' | ur | urN |
| Third person m | aL | — | an, am1) | an |
| Third person f | a | aH | ||
| L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p- | ||||
References
- “m'” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC.