ampua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ampudak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ampɜ-. Probably cognate to Erzya аволдамс (avoldams, “to swing”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑˣ/, [ˈɑmpuɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑmpuɑ
- Syllabification(key): am‧pu‧a
Verb
ampua
- (transitive) To shoot (+ partitive = wounding; + genitive-accusative = killing).
- Ammuin sinua.
- I shot (and wounded) you.
- Ammuin sinut.
- I shot (and killed) you.
- (transitive, informal) to explode, blast, especially to blast rock
- (sports, informal) to shoot (attempt to score a goal in a ball game)
Conjugation
| Inflection of ampua (Kotus type 52*H/sanoa, mp-mm gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ammun | en ammu | 1st sing. | olen ampunut | en ole ampunut | |
| 2nd sing. | ammut | et ammu | 2nd sing. | olet ampunut | et ole ampunut | |
| 3rd sing. | ampuu | ei ammu | 3rd sing. | on ampunut | ei ole ampunut | |
| 1st plur. | ammumme | emme ammu | 1st plur. | olemme ampuneet | emme ole ampuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ammutte | ette ammu | 2nd plur. | olette ampuneet | ette ole ampuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ampuvat | eivät ammu | 3rd plur. | ovat ampuneet | eivät ole ampuneet | |
| passive | ammutaan | ei ammuta | passive | on ammuttu | ei ole ammuttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ammuin | en ampunut | 1st sing. | olin ampunut | en ollut ampunut | |
| 2nd sing. | ammuit | et ampunut | 2nd sing. | olit ampunut | et ollut ampunut | |
| 3rd sing. | ampui | ei ampunut | 3rd sing. | oli ampunut | ei ollut ampunut | |
| 1st plur. | ammuimme | emme ampuneet | 1st plur. | olimme ampuneet | emme olleet ampuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ammuitte | ette ampuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ampuneet | ette olleet ampuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ampuivat | eivät ampuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ampuneet | eivät olleet ampuneet | |
| passive | ammuttiin | ei ammuttu | passive | oli ammuttu | ei ollut ammuttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ampuisin | en ampuisi | 1st sing. | olisin ampunut | en olisi ampunut | |
| 2nd sing. | ampuisit | et ampuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ampunut | et olisi ampunut | |
| 3rd sing. | ampuisi | ei ampuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ampunut | ei olisi ampunut | |
| 1st plur. | ampuisimme | emme ampuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ampuneet | emme olisi ampuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ampuisitte | ette ampuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ampuneet | ette olisi ampuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ampuisivat | eivät ampuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ampuneet | eivät olisi ampuneet | |
| passive | ammuttaisiin | ei ammuttaisi | passive | olisi ammuttu | ei olisi ammuttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | ammu | älä ammu | 2nd sing. | ole ampunut | älä ole ampunut | |
| 3rd sing. | ampukoon | älköön ampuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ampunut | älköön olko ampunut | |
| 1st plur. | ampukaamme | älkäämme ampuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme ampuneet | älkäämme olko ampuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ampukaa | älkää ampuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa ampuneet | älkää olko ampuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ampukoot | älkööt ampuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ampuneet | älkööt olko ampuneet | |
| passive | ammuttakoon | älköön ammuttako | passive | olkoon ammuttu | älköön olko ammuttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ampunen | en ampune | 1st sing. | lienen ampunut | en liene ampunut | |
| 2nd sing. | ampunet | et ampune | 2nd sing. | lienet ampunut | et liene ampunut | |
| 3rd sing. | ampunee | ei ampune | 3rd sing. | lienee ampunut | ei liene ampunut | |
| 1st plur. | ampunemme | emme ampune | 1st plur. | lienemme ampuneet | emme liene ampuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ampunette | ette ampune | 2nd plur. | lienette ampuneet | ette liene ampuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ampunevat | eivät ampune | 3rd plur. | lienevät ampuneet | eivät liene ampuneet | |
| passive | ammuttaneen | ei ammuttane | passive | lienee ammuttu | ei liene ammuttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | ampua | present | ampuva | ammuttava | ||
| long 1st2 | ampuakseen | past | ampunut | ammuttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | ampuessa | ammuttaessa | agent1, 3 | ampuma | |
| instructive | ampuen | — | negative | ampumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | ampumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | ampumasta | — | ||||
| illative | ampumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | ampumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | ampumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | ampuman | ammuttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | ampuminen | ||||
| partitive | ampumista | |||||
| 5th2 | ampumaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- nouns: ampu, ammunta, ammus, ampuja
- verbs: frequentative ammuskella, ampaista
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ampudak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ampɜ-. Cognates include Finnish ampua and Veps ampta.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑ/, [ˈɑmpo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑ/, [ˈɑmpuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmpuɑ
- Hyphenation: am‧pu‧a
Verb
ampua
- (transitive) to shoot
- 1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor, Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
- Poika ampui lintua.
- The boy shot the bird.
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 18:
- Repo repi kanan. Miko ammu repo!
- The fox snatches the hen. Miko shoot the fox!
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 36:
- Jahtimees pyssynkä ampui jäniksen.
- The hunter shot a hare with a gun.
-
- (transitive) to strike
- (transitive + partitive) to request
Usage notes
- In the sense "to shoot", the partitive is used in order to denote a shot that wounded the target, and the accusative is used to denote a shot that killed the target:
- Miä ammuin reppoa, mut en jaksant tappaa. ― I shot at the fox, but couldn't kill it.
- Miä ammuin jäniksen ja söin hänen. ― I shot the hare and ate it.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of ampua (type 1/ampua, mp-mm gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ammun | en ammu | 1st singular | oon ampunt, oon ampunut | en oo ampunt, en oo ampunut |
| 2nd singular | ammut | et ammu | 2nd singular | oot ampunt, oot ampunut | et oo ampunt, et oo ampunut |
| 3rd singular | ampuu | ei ammu | 3rd singular | ono ampunt, ono ampunut | ei oo ampunt, ei oo ampunut |
| 1st plural | ammumma | emmä ammu | 1st plural | oomma ampunneet | emmä oo ampunneet |
| 2nd plural | ammutta | että ammu | 2nd plural | ootta ampunneet | että oo ampunneet |
| 3rd plural | ampuut1), ampuvat2), ammutaa | evät ammu | 3rd plural | ovat ampunneet | evät oo ampunneet |
| impersonal | ammutaa | ei ammuta | impersonal | ono ammuttu | ei oo ammuttu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ammuin | en ampunt, en ampunut | 1st singular | olin ampunt, olin ampunut | en olt ampunt, en olt ampunut |
| 2nd singular | ammuit | et ampunt, et ampunut | 2nd singular | olit ampunt, olit ampunut | et olt ampunt, et olt ampunut |
| 3rd singular | ampui | ei ampunt, ei ampunut | 3rd singular | oli ampunt, oli ampunut | ei olt ampunt, ei olt ampunut |
| 1st plural | ammuimma | emmä ampunneet | 1st plural | olimma ampunneet | emmä olleet ampunneet |
| 2nd plural | ammuitta | että ampunneet | 2nd plural | olitta ampunneet | että olleet ampunneet |
| 3rd plural | ampuit1), ampuivat2), ammuttii | evät ampunneet | 3rd plural | olivat ampunneet | evät olleet ampunneet |
| impersonal | ammuttii | ei ammuttu | impersonal | oli ammuttu | ei olt ammuttu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ampuisin | en ampuis | 1st singular | olisin ampunt, olisin ampunut | en olis ampunt, en olis ampunut |
| 2nd singular | ampuisit, ampuist1) | et ampuis | 2nd singular | olisit ampunt, olisit ampunut | et olis ampunt, et olis ampunut |
| 3rd singular | ampuis | ei ampuis | 3rd singular | olis ampunt, olis ampunut | ei olis ampunt, ei olis ampunut |
| 1st plural | ampuisimma | emmä ampuis | 1st plural | olisimma ampunneet | emmä olis ampunneet |
| 2nd plural | ampuisitta | että ampuis | 2nd plural | olisitta ampunneet | että olis ampunneet |
| 3rd plural | ampuisiit1), ampuisivat2), ammuttais | evät ampuis | 3rd plural | olisivat ampunneet | evät olis ampunneet |
| impersonal | ammuttais | ei ammuttais | impersonal | olis ammuttu | ei olis ammuttu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | ammu | elä ammu | 2nd singular | oo ampunt, oo ampunut | elä oo ampunt, elä oo ampunut |
| 3rd singular | ampukoo | elköö ampuko | 3rd singular | olkoo ampunt, olkoo ampunut | elköö olko ampunt, elköö olko ampunut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | ampukaa | elkää ampuko | 2nd plural | olkaa ampunneet | elkää olko ampunneet |
| 3rd plural | ampukoot | elkööt ampuko | 3rd plural | olkoot ampunneet | elkööt olko ampunneet |
| impersonal | ammuttakkoo | elköö ammuttako | impersonal | olkoo ammuttu | elköö olko ammuttu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | ampunen | en ampune | |||
| 2nd singular | ampunet | et ampune | |||
| 3rd singular | ampunoo | ei ampune | |||
| 1st plural | ampunemma | emmä ampune | |||
| 2nd plural | ampunetta | että ampune | |||
| 3rd plural | ampunoot | evät ampune | |||
| impersonal | ammuttannoo | ei ammuttane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | ampua | present | ampuva | ammuttava | |
| 2nd | inessive | ampujees | past | ampunt, ampunut | ammuttu |
| instructive | ampuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ampukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | ampumaa | |||
| inessive | ampumaas | ||||
| elative | ampumast | ||||
| abessive | ampumata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | ampumiin | |||
| partitive | ampumista, ampumist | ||||
Synonyms
- (to request): kyssyä
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 15
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ampudak (possibly through Ingrian or Finnish), from Proto-Finno-Permic *ampɜ-.
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑ/, [ˈɑmpuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmpuɑ
- Hyphenation: am‧pua
Verb
ampua
- to shoot, fire
- (of thunder) to strike
- (of insects) to sting
Inflection
| Conjugation of ampua (type II-1/kuttsua, mp-mm gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ammun | en ammu | 1st singular | õõn ampunnu | en õõ ampunnu |
| 2nd singular | ammud | ed ammu | 2nd singular | õõd ampunnu | ed õõ ampunnu |
| 3rd singular | ammub | eb ammu | 3rd singular | on ampunnu | eb õõ ampunnu |
| 1st plural | ammummõ | emmä ammu | 1st plural | öõmmõ ampunnu | emmä õõ ampunnu |
| 2nd plural | ammuttõ | että ammu | 2nd plural | õõttõ ampunnu | että õõ ampunnu |
| 3rd plural | ammuta | eväd ammu | 3rd plural | õlla ammuttu | eväd õõ ammuttu |
| impersonal | ammuta | eväd ammu | impersonal | õlla ammuttu | eväd õõ ammuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ampuzin | en ampunnu | 1st singular | õlin ampunnu | — |
| 2nd singular | ampuzid | ed ampunnu | 2nd singular | õlid ampunnu | — |
| 3rd singular | ampu | eb ampunnu | 3rd singular | õli ampunnu | — |
| 1st plural | ampuzimmõ | emmä ampunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ ampunnu | — |
| 2nd plural | ampuzittõ | että ampunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ ampunnu | — |
| 3rd plural | ammutti | eväd ammuttu | 3rd plural | õlti ammuttu | — |
| impersonal | ammutti | eväd ammuttu | impersonal | õlti ammuttu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | ampuizin | en ampuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin ampunnu | en õllõizʹ ampunnu |
| 2nd singular | ampuizid | ed ampuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid ampunnu | ed õllõizʹ ampunnu |
| 3rd singular | ampuizʹ | eb ampuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ ampunnu | eb õllõizʹ ampunnu |
| 1st plural | ampuizimmõ | emmä ampuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ ampunnu | emmä õllõizʹ ampunnu |
| 2nd plural | ampuizittõ | että ampuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ ampunnu | että õllõizʹ ampunnu |
| 3rd plural | ammuttaizʹ | eväd ammuttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ ammuttu | eväd õltaizʹ ammuttu |
| impersonal | ammuttaizʹ | eväd ammuttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ ammuttu | eväd õltaizʹ ammuttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | ammu | elä ammu | |||
| 3rd singular | ampugo | elko ampugo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | ampuga | elka ampuga | |||
| 3rd plural | ampugod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | ampua | present | ampujõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | ampuma | past | ampunnu | ammuttu |
| inessive | ampumõz | ||||
| elative | ampumassõ | ||||
| abessive | ampumattõ | ||||
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “ampua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn