lupa

See also: lūpa, lūpā, łupą, lupã, lupą, and lupă

Basque

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish lupa, from French loupe.

Noun

lupa inan

magnifying glass

Declension

Declension of lupa (inanimate, ending in -a)
	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	lupa	lupa	lupak
ergative	lupak	lupak	lupek
dative	lupari	lupari	lupei
genitive	luparen	luparen	lupen
comitative	luparekin	luparekin	lupekin
causative	luparengatik	luparengatik	lupengatik
benefactive	luparentzat	luparentzat	lupentzat
instrumental	lupaz	lupaz	lupez
inessive	lupatan	lupan	lupetan
locative	lupatako	lupako	lupetako
allative	lupatara	lupara	lupetara
terminative	lupataraino	luparaino	lupetaraino
directive	lupatarantz	luparantz	lupetarantz
destinative	lupatarako	luparako	lupetarako
ablative	lupatatik	lupatik	lupetatik
partitive	luparik	—	—
prolative	lupatzat	—	—

Catalan

Etymology

From French loupe.

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pə/

(Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pa/

Noun

lupa f (plural lupes)

magnifying glass

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈlupa]
Rhymes: -upa

Noun

lupa f

magnifying glass

Esperanto

Etymology

From lupo +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈlupa]
Rhymes: -upa
Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Adjective

lupa

lupine; concerning wolves

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”) (note the descendant Old Norse lof (“praise, permission”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century)-

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈlupɑ]
Rhymes: -upɑ
Syllabification^(key): lu‧pa

Noun

lupa

permission
Minulla on lupa olla poissa koulusta tänään.
I have permission to be absent from the school today.
Minulla on lupa ampumiseen.
I have permission to shoot.
a license, permit

Usage notes

That one has permission can always be expressed with the active first infinitive ("base form") of the verb, like olla in the first example above. Sometimes, especially if there are no other specifiers in addition to the verb, the illative of the active fourth infinitive is also accepted, like ampumiseen in the second example.

Declension

Inflection of lupa (Kotus type 10E/koira, p-v* gradation)
nominative		lupa	luvat
genitive		luvan	lupien
partitive		lupaa	lupia
illative		lupaan	lupiin
		singular	plural
nominative		lupa	luvat
accusative	nom.	lupa	luvat
accusative	gen.	luvan	luvat
genitive		luvan	lupien lupain^rare
partitive		lupaa	lupia
inessive		luvassa	luvissa
elative		luvasta	luvista
illative		lupaan	lupiin
adessive		luvalla	luvilla
ablative		luvalta	luvilta
allative		luvalle	luville
essive		lupana	lupina
translative		luvaksi	luviksi
instructive		—	luvin
abessive		luvatta	luvitta
comitative		—	lupineen

Possessive forms of lupa (type koira)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	lupani	lupamme
2nd person	lupasi	lupanne
3rd person	lupansa

Compounds

compounds

arpajaislupa
aseenkantolupa
elinkeinolupa
hallussapitolupa
hirvenkaatolupa
hirvilupa
julkaisulupa
kaatolupa
kauttakulkulupa
kulkulupa
lakkolupa
liikennelupa
lupa-anomus
lupahakemus
lupakirja
lupalappu
lupamaksu
lupapäivä
lupapäätös
lupatarkastaja
luvananto
luvanhaku
luvanvarainen
lähtölupa
maahantulolupa
maahantuontilupa
oleskelulupa
opetuslupa
poikkeuslupa
poistumislupa
rakennuslupa
saarnalupa
siirtolupa
taksilupa
televisiolupa
toimilupa
tuontilupa
työlupa
valituslupa
vientilupa
ympäristölupa

References

Häkkinen, Kaisa (2013). Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja. Helsinki: Sanoma Pro OY. →ISBN.

Anagrams

Paul, pula

Galician

Noun

lupa f (plural lupas)

magnifying glass

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay lupa,

from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lupa, from Proto-Austronesian *lupa (“to forget”).
From Sanskrit लोप (lopa, “neglect”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lu.pa/
Hyphenation: lu‧pa
Rhymes: -pa, -a

Verb

lupa

to forget
to be unconscious
Antonym: sadar
to neglect
Synonym: lalai
Antonym: acuh

Derived terms

kelupaan
lupa-lupa
lupa-lupaan
melupa
melupai
melupakan
pelupa
terlupa
terlupakan

lupa daratan
lupa diri

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lupa. Cognates include Finnish lupa and Estonian luba.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫupɑ]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫub̥ɑ]

Rhymes: -upɑ

Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Noun

lupa

permission

Declension

Declension of lupa (type 3/koira, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	lupa	luvat
genitive	luvan	luppiin
partitive	luppaa	luppia
illative	luppaa	luppii
inessive	luvas	luvis
elative	luvast	luvist
allative	luvalle	luville
adessive	luval	luvil
ablative	luvalt	luvilt
translative	luvaks	luviks
essive	lupanna, luppaan	lupinna, luppiin
exessive¹⁾	lupant	lupint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

luvata

References

V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 24
Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 278

Italian

Etymology

For Vulgar Latin *lūpa instead of the attested Latin lupa, also reflected by Piedmontese and Lombard luf, perhaps onomatopoeic of the wolf's howling. Similarly unexpected is French loup (despite Old French leu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pa/
Rhymes: -upa
Hyphenation: lù‧pa

Noun

lupa f (plural lupe)

female equivalent of lupo (she-wolf)

Derived terms

lupanare

Anagrams

pula

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa). Compare Ilocano rupa, and Malay rupa.

Noun

lupa

face

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).

Noun

lupa (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

permission

Latin

Etymology

The feminine version of lupus. The sense “prostitute” is either a comparison of the prostitutes' predation on men to the wolf's rapacity,[1] as also in Isidore's (often fanciful) opinion,[2] or a reference to the she-wolf's uncleanliness and promiscuity (often culturally conflated), parallelled in English bitch.[3]

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pa/, [ˈɫ̪ʊpä]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pa/, [ˈluːpä]

Noun

lupa f (genitive lupae); first declension

she-wolf
(slang) prostitute

Declension

First-declension noun (dative/ablative plural in -īs or -ābus).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lupa	lupae
Genitive	lupae	lupārum
Dative	lupae	lupīs lupābus
Accusative	lupam	lupās
Ablative	lupā	lupīs lupābus
Vocative	lupa	lupae

Derived terms

lupānar

Descendants

Aromanian: lupã
Asturian: lloba
Catalan: lloba
French: louve
Friulian: love
Italian: lupa
Neapolitan: lopa
Occitan: loba
Portuguese: loba
Sicilian: lupa
Spanish: loba
Venetian: lova

References

J. N. Adams (1983), “WORDS FOR 'PROSTITUTE' IN LATIN”, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie‎, volume 126, issue 3/4, ISSN 0035-449X, page 333 of 321–358
Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 10.163: "lupa, meretrix, a rapacitate uocata, quod ad se rapiat miseros et adprehendat"
Servius on Virgil's Aeneid 3.647: "lupae, id est meretrices, dictae ab obscenitatis et odoris similitudine."

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lupa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lu.pä/, /lu.pə/
Rhymes: -pa
Rhymes: -a

Verb

lupa (Jawi spelling لوڤا‎)

to forget
Aku sudah lupa yang dia sudah berpindah!
I've forgotten that she's moved away!

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

lupen

Noun

lupa m or f

definite feminine singular of lupe

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

lupa f (definite singular lupa, indefinite plural luper or lupor, definite plural lupene or lupone)

(pre-2012) alternative form of lupe
definite singular of lupe

Anagrams

Paul, laup, pula

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French loupe, from Middle French loupe, from Old French loupe, from Frankish *luppa, from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ, *lub-, from Proto-Indo-European *lep-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pa/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -upa
Syllabification: lu‧pa

Noun

lupa f

magnifying glass

Declension

Declension of lupa

	singular	plural
nominative	lupa	lupy
genitive	lupy	lup
dative	lupie	lupom
accusative	lupę	lupy
instrumental	lupą	lupami
locative	lupie	lupach
vocative	lupo	lupy

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from French loupe.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlu.pɐ/

Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Noun

lupa f (plural lupas)

magnifying glass

References

“lupa” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

Sicilian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lupa/
Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Etymology 1

From Latin lupa.

Noun

lupa f (plural lupi)

she-wolf

Etymology 2

From Latin lupus (“wolf”).

Noun

lupa f (plural lupi)

uncontrollable hunger

Etymology 3

From the sound of brogna during the fog.

Noun

lupa f (plural lupi)

fog, mist, especially on the sea

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from French loupe. Compare English loupe.

Noun

lupa f (plural lupas)

magnifying glass

Tagalog

Etymology

Possibly related to Sanskrit रुप् (rúp, “earth”). Compare Maranao lopa' and Tausug lupa.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: lu‧pa

IPA^(key): /ˈlupaʔ/, [ˈlu.pɐʔ]

Noun

lupà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜉ)

earth; ground; soil
earth; world
Synonyms: mundo, daigdig
(figurative) country; nation
Synonyms: bayan, bansa
land property
basement; ground floor; downstairs
Synonym: silong

Derived terms

guho ng lupa
hampaslupa
hilig-makalupa
kalupaan
katawang-lupa
laang lupa
lamang-lupa
langit at lupa
langit-lupa
Lupa
lupaan
lupain
lupaing-bayan
lupang payapa
lupang-tinubuan
makalupa
maylupa
panlupa
sangkalupaan

Anagrams

pula

Tausug

Noun

lupa

earth; ground; soil

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lupa, from Proto-Germanic *lubą (“praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to love”).

Pronunciation

(Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈlupɑ/, [ˈɫupɑ]
Rhymes: -upɑ
Hyphenation: lu‧pa

Noun

lupa

permission

Inflection

Declension of lupa (type V/poikõ, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	lupa	luvad
genitive	luva	lupije, lupijõ, lupi
partitive	luppa	lupitõ, lupi
illative	luppa, luppasõ	lupije, lupijõ, lupisõ
inessive	luvaz	lupiz
elative	luvassõ	lupissõ
allative	luvalõ	lupilõ
adessive	luvallõ	lupillõ
ablative	luvaltõ	lupiltõ
translative	luvassi	lupissi
^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the terminative** is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive. ^*) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎, 2 edition, Tallinn

West Makian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈl̪u.pa/

Verb

lupa

(stative) to be aflame

Conjugation

Conjugation of lupa (stative verb)
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tilupa	milupa	alupa
2nd person		nilupa	filupa
3rd person	inanimate	ilupa	dilupa
3rd person	animate	malupa	dilupa
imperative		—, lupa	—, lupa

References

James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎, Pacific linguistics

[1] J. N. Adams (1983), “WORDS FOR 'PROSTITUTE' IN LATIN”, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie‎, volume 126, issue 3/4, ISSN 0035-449X, page 333 of 321–358

[2] Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 10.163: "lupa, meretrix, a rapacitate uocata, quod ad se rapiat miseros et adprehendat"

[3] Servius on Virgil's Aeneid 3.647: "lupae, id est meretrices, dictae ab obscenitatis et odoris similitudine."

[4] “lupa” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

lupa

Basque

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Esperanto

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Compounds

References

Anagrams

Galician

Noun

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Anagrams

Kapampangan

Etymology

Noun

Karelian

Etymology

Noun

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

Anagrams

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading