luhuran
Tagalog
Etymology
From luhod + -an.
Pronunciation 1
- Hyphenation: lu‧hu‧ran
- IPA(key): /ˌluˈhuɾan/, [ˌluˈhu.ɾɐn]
Noun
lúhúran
- kneeler; hassock (cushion used for resting in a kneeling position)
- place where one kneels (especially in church for Communion)
- simultaneous kneeling of people (as in prayer)
- knee pad; knee protector
Pronunciation 2
- Hyphenation: lu‧hu‧ran
- IPA(key): /luhuˈɾan/, [lʊ.hʊˈɾan]
Verb
luhurán (complete niluhuran, progressive niluluhuran, contemplative luluhuran)
- to kneel on; to use for kneeling on
- to kneel and kiss the hand of (one's elders)
- Synonym: pagmanuhan
- (figurative) to surrender to
- Synonym: sukuan
Conjugation
Verb conjugation for luhuran (Class I) - um/an object verb
| Root word | luhod | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | -um- | lumuhod | lumuhod | lumuluhod naluhod2 | luluhod maluhod2 | kaluluhod1 kakaluhod |
| Object | -an | luhuran | niluhuran | niluluhuran inaluhuran2 | luluhuran aluhuran2 | — |
| Locative | pag- -an | pagluhuran | pinagluhuran | pinapagluhuran pinagluluhuran | papagluhuran pagluluhuran | — |
| Benefactive | i- | iluhod | iniluhod | iniluluhod | iluluhod | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipanluhod | ipinanluhod | ipinapanluhod | ipapanluhod | — |
| Causative | ika- | ikaluhod | ikinaluhod | ikinaluluhod1 ikinakaluhod | ikaluluhod1 ikakaluhod | — |
| i-3 | iluhod | iniluhod | iniluluhod | iluluhod | — | |
| Measurement | i- | iluhod | iniluhod | iniluluhod | iluluhod | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. 3Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized. | ||||||
Indirect (pa-) verb forms
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | magpa- | magpaluhod | nagpaluhod | nagpapaluhod | magpapaluhod | kapaluluhod1 kapapaluhod kapagpapaluhod kakapaluhod |
| Actor-secondary | pa- -in | paluhurin | pinaluhod | pinaluluhod pinapaluhod | paluluhurin papaluhurin | — |
| Object | pa- -an | paluhuran | pinaluhuran | pinapaluhuran pinaluluhuran | papaluhuran paluluhuran | — |
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpaluhod | ipinagpaluhod | ipinagpapaluhod1 ipinapagpaluhod | ipagpapaluhod1 ipapagpaluhod | — |
| Causative | ikapagpa- | ikapagpaluhod | ikinapagpaluhod | ikinapagpapaluhod1 ikinakapagpaluhod | ikapagpapaluhod1 ikakapagpaluhod | — |
| Locative | pagpa- -an | pagpaluhuran | pinagpaluhuran | pinagpapaluluhuran1 pinapagpaluhuran | pagpapaluluhuran1 papagpaluhuran | — |
| papag- -an | papagluhuran | pinapagluhuran | pinapapagluhuran | papapagluhuran | — | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
Ability/involuntary (maka-/ma-) verb forms
| Direct action verbs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | maka- | makaluhod | nakaluhod | nakaluluhod1 nakakaluhod | makaluluhod1 makakaluhod |
| mapa-2 | mapaluhod | napaluhod | napaluluhod1 napapaluhod | mapaluluhod1 mapapaluhod | |
| Object | ma- -an | maluhuran | naluhuran | naluluhuran | maluluhuran |
| Benefactive | mai- | mailuhod | nailuhod | nailuluhod | mailuluhod |
| Causative | maika- | maikaluhod | naikaluhod | naikaluluhod1 naikakaluhod naiikaluhod | naikaluluhod1 naikakaluhod naiikaluhod |
| mai- | mailuhod | nailuhod | nailuluhod | mailuluhod | |
| Locative | mapag- -an | mapagluhodan | napagluhodan | napagluluhodan1 napapagluhodan | mapagluluhodan1 mapapagluhodan |
| Indirect action verbs | |||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | |||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Actor | makapagpa- | makapagpaluhod | nakapagpaluhod | nakapagpapaluhod1 nakakapagpaluhod | makapagpapaluhod1 makakapagpaluhod |
| Actor-secondary | mapa- | mapaluhod | napaluhod | napaluluhod1 napapaluhod | mapaluluhod1 mapapaluhod |
| Object | mapa- -an | mapaluhuran | napaluhuran | napaluluhuran1 napapaluhuran | mapaluluhuran1 mapapaluhuran |
| Benefactive | maipagpa- | maipagpaluhod | naipagpaluhod | naipagpapaluhod1 naipapagpaluhod naiipagpaluhod | maipagpapaluhod1 maipapagpaluhod maiipagpaluhod |
| Causative | maikapagpa- | maikapagpaluhod | naikapagpaluhod | naikapagpapaluhod1 naikakapagpaluhod naiikapagpaluhod | maikapagpapaluhod1 maikakapagpaluhod maiikapagpaluhod |
| Locative | mapagpa- -an | mapagpaluhuran | napagpaluhuran | napagpapaluluhuran1 napapagpaluhuran | mapagpapaluluhuran1 mapapagpaluhuran |
| mapapag- -an | mapapagluhuran | napapagluhuran | napapapagluhuran | mapapapagluhuran | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Only for involuntary actions, not for ability verbs. | |||||
Social (maki-) verb forms
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | maki- | makiluhod | nakiluhod | nakikiluhod | makikiluhod |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpaluhod | nakipagpaluhod | nakikipagpaluhod | makikipagpaluhod |